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Toplumların kültür ve düşünce hayatlarındaki gelişmeler, farklı disiplinlerin sunduğu verilerle incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Kültürel yaşantıları ve düşünce dizgelerini yansıtması bakımından siyasetnameler de bu incelemelere konu edilmiştir. Bu anlayış doğrultusunda, 16. yüzyılda kaleme alınmış bir siyasetname olan Umurü’l-Ümera’nın içeriğinin önemli parçalarından biri olan adalet kavramı, dilbilim ve felsefenin kesişim alanında konumlanan söylem çözümlemesi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Söylem, bir iktidar pratiği olarak ele alındığında iktidarın meşrulaş(tırıl)masına hizmet eden her bir öge bu söylemin bileşeni durumundadır. Karmaşa ortamından çıkılarak toplumsal düzenin tesis edilmesini ve denklik ilişkisi gözetilerek toplumun tüm bireylerinin eşit haklar çerçevesinde yaşamasını önceleyen adalet kavramı, Umurü’l-Ümera’da belirtilen duruma koşut olarak iktidar aracı niteliğiyle işletim alanı bulmuştur. Adalet, yerine göre defter, kılıç, kalem, ayna gibi eğretilemeler üzerinden söylemleştirilmiştir. Adalet dairesi perspektifiyle de devlet ve toplumun sürekliliğinin birbirine bağlı olduğu düşüncesi ortaya konulmuştur. Bu söylemsel oluşumlar tarihsel anekdotlarla pekiştirilmiş, bu bağlamda yöneten-yönetilen ilişkisinin sınırları gözler önüne serilmeye çalışılmıştır. Devlet ve toplum düzeninin ancak adaletle sağlanacağı, adaletin olmadığı durumlarda zulüm ve dolayısıyla kargaşa ortamının baş göstereceği düşüncesi, eserin temel söylemsel görünümünü yansıtmaktadır. Bu noktada adaletin, toplumun bütün kesimlerini kapsaması gerektiği dile getirilerek evrensel olma niteliğiyle ön plana çıkarıldığını söylemek olanaklıdır. Bu çalışmada Umurü’l-Ümera, adalet kavramı merkezinde Türk siyasetname geleneği de göz önünde bulundurularak Fransız düşünür Michel Foucault’nun söylem ve iktidar belirlemeleri çerçevesinde incelenecektir.
The developments in the culture and thought lives of societies have been tried to be studied by the data offered by different disciplines. In terms of their cultural experiences and thinking scenes, the politics have also been subject to these studies. According to this understanding, the concept of justice, which is one of the important parts of the content of Umurü'l-Umera, a policy-made in the 16th century, will be tried to be assessed by the method of speech analysis located in the intersection field of linguistics and philosophy. When the word is considered as a practice of power, every object serving the lawfulness of power is a component of this word. The concept of justice, which prevents the establishment of social order and the equality relationship, the concept of justice, which prevents the existence of equal rights of all individuals in society, has found the operating field as a means of power in the condition specified in Umurü'l-Umera. Justice is spoken by curvations like a book, a sword, a pen, a mirror. In the perspective of the justice department, it is also revealed that the continuity of the state and society is interconnected. These narrative formations have been reinforced by historical anecdotes, and in this context the boundaries of the governed-managed relationship have been tried to be seen. The idea that the state and social order will only be provided by righteousness, that in cases where there is no righteousness, the environment of persecution and therefore confusion will face, reflects the fundamental speech appearance of the work. At this point, it is possible to say that justice should cover all sections of society, and that it is put forward with the nature of being universal. In this study, Umurü’l-Ümera will be studied in the framework of the speech and authority determinations of French thinker Michel Foucault, taking into account the tradition of Turkish politics in the center of the concept of justice.
Developmants in the lives of culture and thought of the societies have been tried to be studied with the data that various disciplines offered. Political treatises have also been discussed in these studies in terms of reflecting cultural lives and thought systems in accordance with this understanding, the term of justice, which is one of the important parts of the context of Umurü’l-Umera which is a political treatise writen in the 16th century, will be tried to be evaluated with the method of discourse analysis which is located in the junction point of linguistics and philosophy. Discourse when discussed as a practise of power, each factor that serves for the legitimateness of the power is in the position of component of this discourse. The term of justice, which priotritizes the establishment of social order by getting out of chaos and living of all the individuals of the society within the context of equal rights by taking care of equivalent relation, in parallel with the situation expressed in Umurü’l-Umera, found an operation area with the quality of power instrument. Justice, depending on the metaphors such as notebook, sword, pencil and mirror, has been turned into discourse. Also with the perspective of justice circle, the thought that the continuity of the state and the society depends on each other has been revealed. These discursive formations have been reinforced with historical anecdotes and in this context the limits of the relation between the governing and the governed have been tried to be presented. The idea that state and social order can only be achieved with justice, and in the absence of justice, the environment of persecution and thus turmoil will reflect the basic discursive appearance of the work. At this point, it is possible to say that justice is brought to the forefront with the quality of being universal by being stated that it should cover all segments of the society. In this study, Umurü’l-Umera, by considering the custom of Turkish political treatise as well, is going to be analyzed within the frame of French philosopher, Michel Foucault’s discourse and power definitions under the skin of justice.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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