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Kamus-ı Türkî’den günümüze Fransızca alıntı kelimelerde anlam değişmeleri
2021
Journal:  
RumeliDe Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

Kültürel ve dolayısıyla dilbilimsel temasın doğal sonuçlarından biri olan sözcüksel ödünçleme, kaynak konumundaki verici dilden alıcı dilin söz varlığına yapılan kelime aktarımıdır. Sözcüksel ödünçlemeyi teşvik eden temel etkenler, sözcüksel boşluğu doldurma ihtiyacı ve prestij kazanma isteğidir. Yabancı bir kaynak dilden ödünçlenen kelimeler, az veya çok; fonolojik, ortografik, morfolojik ve anlamsal açıdan alıcı dilin sistemine uyum sağlayacak şekilde değiştirilerek kullanılırlar. Bu çalışmanın konusu olarak seçilen alıntı kelimelerdeki anlam değişmeleri, farklı şekillerde ve aşamalarda gerçekleşebilmektedir. Alıntı kelimeler, alıcı dile ilk kez tanıtıldığında kaynak dildekinden farklı bir anlam gösterebileceği gibi dile uyarlandıktan sonra süreç içerisinde de anlam değişimine uğrayabilir. Özellikle Tanzimat dönemiyle artan ve 20. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar etkisini sürdüren Türk-Fransız teması, Türkçeye Fransızca kelimelerin ödünçlenmesi sonucunu doğurmuştur. Türkçede yeni kavram, madde ve eşyaları karşılayan kelimelere duyulan ihtiyaç Fransızcadan yapılan sözcüksel ödünçlemelerin başlıca nedenidir. Bu çalışmada, Tanzimat dönemi aydınlarından Şemseddin Sami tarafından hazırlanan Kamus-ı Türkî'deki Fransızca alıntı kelimeler tespit edilerek bu kelimelerin günümüzde geçirdiği anlam değişmeleri analiz edilmiştir. Fransızca alıntı kelimelerdeki anlam değişmeleri, konuyla ilgili tipolojilere göre anlam genişlemesi, anlam daralması, anlam aktarımı (metafor, metonimi, sinekdoka) alt başlıkları altında incelenmiş; anlam olayları dışında galatlar yoluyla oluşan anlam değişmelerine de yer verilmiştir. Böylece, hem 19. yüzyıldan günümüze Fransızca alıntı kelimelerdeki anlam değişmeleri belirlenmiş hem de bu kelimelerin kaynak dilden farklı olarak Türkçede kazandıkları özgün anlamlar ortaya koyulmuştur.

Keywords:

The meaning of Kamus-i Turkish from French to French is changed
2021
Author:  
Abstract:

A natural result of cultural and therefore linguistic contact is the translation of the word from the source language to the word of the receiver language. The main factors that encourage vocational loans are the need to fill the vocational gap and the desire to gain prestige. Words borrowed from a foreign source language, less or more, are used by changing in a way that adapts to the system of the receiver language from a phonological, ortographic, morphological and meaningful point of view. The meaning changes in the quotation words selected as the subject of this study can occur in different forms and stages. Notes words can be adjusted to the language as they can show a different meaning from the source language when first introduced to the recipient language, and they can also change meaning during the process. The Turkish-French theme, which increased especially with the Tanzimat period and continued to influence until the mid-20th century, resulted in the loan of French words to Turkey. The need for words that meet new concepts, materials and objects in Turkish is the main reason for vocabulary loans made from French. In this study, we have analyzed the changes in the meaning that these words are experiencing today by identifying the French-citated words in Kamus-i Türkî prepared by Shemseddin Sami from the light of the Tanzimat period. The meaning changes in the French quote words have been studied under the subtitles of meaning expansion, meaning narrowing, meaning translation (metafor, metonimi, sinekdoka) according to the subject-related typologies; the meaning changes are also included in the meaning changes that are formed through galates, in addition to meaning events. Thus, from the 19th century to today, the meaning changes in the French-citated words have been determined and the original meanings of these words have been revealed in Turkish, unlike the source language.

Keywords:

Semantic Changes Of French Loanwords From Kamus-i Turkî To Contemporary Turkish
2021
Author:  
Abstract:

Lexical borrowing, one of the natural consequences of cultural and hence linguistic contact, is the transfer of words from the source or donor language to the vocabulary of the recipient langauage. The main motivation of lexical borrowing are the need to fill the lexical gap and desire to gain prestige. Words borrowed from a foreing source language undergo, more or less; phonological, orthographic, morphological and semantic changes to adapt to the system of the recipient language. Semantic changes in the loanwords selected as the subject of this study can occur in different ways and stages. Semantic changes can occur when the loanwords are introduced to the recipient language for the first time or after the loanword is adapted to the language. Turkish-French contact, which increased especially with the Tanzimat period and continued its influence until the middle of the 20th century, resulted in the borrowing of French words into Turkish. The need for words corresponding to new concepts, entities and goods in Turkish is the main reason for lexical borrowings from French. In this study, French loanwords in Kamus-ı Türkî, prepared by Şemseddin Sami, one of the Tanzimat period intellectuals, were determined and the semantic changes in French loanwords have been examined under the sub-heading of semantic widening, semantic narrowing, semantic shift (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche) according to the relevant typologies, and besides the meaning event, the semantic changes occurring through the galat (language mistakes) are also included. Thus, both the semantic changes in the French loanwords from the 19th century to the present were determined, and the original meanings that these words acquired in Turkish, different from the source langauage, were revealed.

Keywords:

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RumeliDe Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi

Field :   Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 2.664
Cite : 2.652
2023 Impact : 0.203
RumeliDe Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi