Abstract:

The achievements in the field of education and culture are the most important means of the continuity of the states and of the education of the generations that will endure themselves. Every country has its own educational and cultural policies. Cultural values, when supported by education, have the duty to keep the people who form the nation together, to provide a sense of unity and solidarity. The Republic of Turkey, which was founded on the heritage of the Ottoman State, has also developed new educational and cultural institutions and policies in order to get rid of the difficulties that have led to the collapse of this state, to educate generations that will make themselves payable. It is believed that the national struggle took place in three stages. The first step is to throw the enemy out of the land. This goal was achieved by armed struggle. The second stage is complete independence. This goal was achieved in the Lozan Treaty, with the abolition of capitulations in all areas. The third phase is to be a national, modern, developed country. This is the third step in which we need to make progress in the field of education and culture to success. During this period the Halifelik was removed, educational teaching was combined, a very difficult inklip was made, such as the Harf Inklip, from clothes to calendar, from numbers to measurement units, from women to men equality and from law to art and economy, innovations were brought in almost every field of social life. Ataturk and the state men of the time organized foreign trips to adopt and teach the people of what was made, and institutions such as the National Messages, the People's Houses, the Turkish Language Institution, the Turkish History Institution, have also implemented in this period.