Özet:

ÖZET Bu çalışma, yerli ve yabancı yirmi aspir (Cartbamus tinctorius L.) çeşidinin fenolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerini, Erzurum ekolojisine adapte olabilme 'potansiyellerini ve bunlar içerisinde erkenci, verimi ve yağ muhtevası yüksek olan çeşitleri tesbit ederek bitkisel yağ ham madde kaynaklarının genişlemesine yardımcı olabilmek için 1969 ve 1970 yıllarında Erzurum ovasında Atatürk Oniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma Enstitüsü arazisi içerisinde yapılmıştır. Bölgeye uygun bir yağ bitkisi olarak aspir üzerinde b~ denemeye girişilirken bir çok araştırmacının belirtriği gibi bu bitkinin hububat bölgelerinde başarı ile yetiştirildiği dikkate alınmıştır. Bitkilerin çimlenme ve ilk büyümeleri üzerinde önemli etkisi bulunan Nisan ayı yağışlarınin 1970 yılmda çok düşük (8.8 mm.) olması, bu yılda alınan sonuçların 1969 yılındakine oranla düşük olmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu sonucun alınmasında, 1969 yılındaki denemenin 1970 yılı denemesinden bitki besin elementleri bakımından daha zengin bir toprağa teşadüf etmiş olmasının da etkisi bulunmaktadır. ON YIELD AND PHENOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND SEED CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NATIVE AND FOREIGN VARIETIES OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinetorius L.) UNDERERZURUM ECOLOGICAL CONDlTIONS This study was conducted to determine some of the morphological and phenological charaeteristics of 20 samower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties, during the years of 1969 and 1970, in the irr{gated area of no.. 4 well at the Experiment Station of Agiİcultural College of Atatürk University in Erzurum, Turkey: EvaIuation were also made to find the varieties which grow early, high in seed yield and oil content and adaptable to the ecologicaI conditıons of Erzurum. The experimentaı area soil was poor in organic matter and lime, medium and poor in available phosphorus, rich in avaİlable potash. The soi1 was siltyloam İn texture and has a slightly alcaline reaction of pH 7.7. The experiment was randomi7.ed bloek design with' 4 repocations. A uniform rate of 3.0 kg. N/da., 4.5 kg. P:z05/da. were applied to all experimenta! plots, before planting. The samower varieties were obtained from Eskişehir Plant Breeding and Experiment Station. Plantings were made on May 16, 1969 and May 15, 1970. The distanee with in and between the rows were 20 cm. and 40 cm. respectively. Haıvestins were made with sıckle at October 8, in 1969 and 1970. 110 There were signifieant differance among the varieties in phenologieal characters. According to these observations, 6 varieties (variety numbers 1, 2, 6, 9, 19 and 20) were deteımined as .early and 4 varieties (5, .16, 17 and and 18) as iate. As the earliest variety, no. 6 had a vegetation period of 120133 days. Some of the varieties could not reach the maturity, because of theİr needs for a longer growing season. Significant differances were. observed among the varieties in the experiments in the characters (plant height, height of the first branch, number of branches and leaves per plant, total leaf area per plant, leaf size, number \of fiower and seeds per head, physical and chemical characteristics ~f the seed and yield) studied. The highest seed yield was obtained from no. 6 variety with 208.5 klg./da. The varieties no. 16, 20, 1, 9 and" 8 fol1ow~d it with 130.4, 126.8, 116.6, 111.6 'and J09.5 kg. ıda., respectively. The highest oil content in seed was obtained from the no. 2 variety, with 26.750 %' The varieties'no. 1. and 6followedit with 26.57~ % and 26.156% respeetively. The highest oil' yield per decar -54.7 kg.- was' obtained from the variety no. 6. The varieties no. 1 and 20 which had the oil yield of 31.S kg./da., and 26.3 kg./da., took place after no. 6. variety. There were signifİeant pozitive carrelations between seed yield and numbl:'r of heads per plant, 1000 seed~ . weight and oil content of seed, and negative correlations between seed yield and hull content of seed, total leaf area per plant, number of seeds per head, and hull content of seed. The oil content was significandy and negatively correlated with plant height; total leaf area peı plant, number of seeds per head, and hull content of seed. Oil content and hull content of seed was significandy carrrelated. Oil yidd per decar was ignificantly and negatevily correlated with plant height, leaf size and hull content of seed. On the other hand, oil yield per decar was significantly and positively correlated with number of head per plant, oil content of seed and seed yield. According to the resuıts of these experiments; variety no. 6 (Eskişehir, 5-62) was the best among the 20 varieties in terms of earliness, oil content of seed, and seed yield under the ecological conclitions of Erzurum. This spiny variety was foııowed by the variety no. i (Eskişehir, 5-54; A.B.D., BC-7), in terms of oil yield per decar. The variety no. 20 (Eskişehir, 5-12S) which had a high seed yield and a high oil content of seed, took the first place among the spinless ones. These 3 varieties could be recommanded for the area. In tenns of seed yıeld the variety no.. i 6 (Eskişehir, 5- 124) took the second place after no. 6. Despite the fact that it had a lower seed oil content, in the case earlier plantings, it can be considered as a recommandable spinless variety for Erzurum. In teıIDS of oil yield vaıiety no. 19 (Eskişehir, 5-127) cou1d be recommanded hefore no. 16.

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