Özet:

Hormonal functions of the kidneys play a key role in regulating and maintaining basal body functions. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system balances plasma Na+ levels, protects the body fluid volume and regulates blood pressure. The Kallikrein-kinine system also works in conjunction with the RAAS system. Some of the thrombopoietine that is produced in various parts of the body such as liver, spleen and bone marrow; and 90% of erythropoietine are prodeuced by kidneys. The active form of vitamin D metabolized by the kidneys and PTH plasma are essential for maintaining Ca+ levels. ADH, which allows fluid retention by the kidneys, ensures the preservation of plasma osmolarity and fluid volume. Prostaglandins prevent excessive reabsorption of Na+ and water with vasodilator effects on the kidneys. The primary effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on the kidneys is to increase GFH and provide natriuresis. In addition, endothelin-I also causes renal vasoconstriction as GFH and reduces diuresis. The exact mechanisms of effects of urotensin II, which has more vasoconstrictor effects on the kidneys than endothelin-I, are still being investigated. insulin is largely metabolized from the kidneys, and in cases where kidney function is impaired, insulin resistance develops and blood glucose levels increase. The kidneys are also responsible for gastrin metabolism. The risk of peptic ulcers due to disorders in gastrin metabolism is increased in patients with acute and chronic kidney disease.

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