Abstract:

Coal is the main source of the industrial revolution that has directed the world’s history economically and socially. In the 17th century, the beginning of Britain to use coal as a high-energy and cheap fuel was an important start for the use of coal in industrialization. In the mid-19th century, the Ottoman state’s efforts to operate coal mines were successful, and the coal power became a means of economic transformation for the Ottoman. With the increase in the share of foreign investors in the Ottoman mining sector, the number and production growth in Ottoman mining enterprises have been observed. In the early periods of the Ottoman State, the administration of the underground resources managed by the government alone under the governance of domestic and foreign persons or companies, the state, the owner of the mining privilege, the local authorities, and the issues related to the mining to be operated, has been forced to make new regulations. The place of the mines to be operated with the regulated regulations, the way of operation, the taxes to be taken, the person to operate and the tasks and powers belonging to the local authorities are prepared. The mines to be operated are operated by signing the search permit signed between the state and the operating person, the contract document and the specifications. One of the mines that are allowed to operate by this procedure is the mines in the Amasra Tekkeönü location. The process of Tekkeönü coal mining, which was also offered by different authorities to Ali Rıza Pasha and Arif and Tenail Efendis, began with the tender to Arif and Tenail Efendis in 1884, continued with discussions in the form of the tender to Ali Rıza Pasha in 1889 and again to his first entrepreneurs in 1914. This study will first provide information about the mines in the 19th century in the area of Amasra and then explain the efforts to operate the Tekkeönü coal mines.