Özet:

Cyclachaena xanthiifolia is one of the expansive and dangerous weed plants in the Asteraceae family in Ukraine. We have identified Cyclachaena xanthiifolia in all ruderal, segetal, and natural plant communities, as well as in various growing areas, from overmoistened meadows and forests to xerophytic steppe lands. Cyclachaena xanthiifolia spreading in agrophytocenoses was reliably associated with twelve melons and gourds, vegetable, and tilled crops. Such connection was not discovered with winter and fodder crops. Spacing of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia in ruderal phytocenoses was diffuse or clumped; spacing in agrophytocenoses was single or by separate spots; spacing in natural sites was sporadic or by individual plants at considerable distances from each other. The highest frequency of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia occurrence was in ruderal areas: landfills, manure storage areas, along the roads, R=93-100%; a little less occurrence was on pastures, along the fields edges, along the embankments, streets, canals, shelterbelts, R=56-74%; insignificant occurrence was in plating of tilled, vegetable and spring grain crops, R=35-47%; and single plants occurrence was in plating of perennial grasses and winter crops. The plants greatest density (80-120 pcs/m2) was in the Northern and Southern steppe zones; the lesser density (20-30 pcs/m2) was in the Forest steppe and Dry steppe zones; and the smallest density (4-8 pcs/m2) was in Polesie and mountainous areas. In landfills, wastelands, manure storage areas, and livestock farms, the number of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia plants in the seedling stage reached 420-480 pcs/m2 and 60-110 pcs/m2 in the stage of seed maturity. Along the field roads, forest shelter belts, canals, streets, and hedges, the plants density was 260-340 and 20-90 pcs/m2, respectively. The ability of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia to the ubiquitous intensive spreading, dissemination and naturalization was determined by the method of seed spreading. In Ukraine, it was characterized by both natural and anthropochorous ways of seeds spreading. The natural way (85%) was more pronounced on ruderal habitats, and the anthropochorous way (90%) was pronounced in the agrophytocenoses. Keywords: Cyclachaena xanthiifolia; spreading; abundance; occurrence; agrophytocenoses; Ukraine References: Dranishhev, M., & Malyhin I. (2004). Cyclachaena xanthiifolia: spreading and control measures under the conditions of Donbass. In: Weed problems and ways to reduce the contamination of arable lands. Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Ukrainian Scientific Society of Herbology, pp. 48-52. Kiev. (in Ukrainian). Follak, S., Dullinger, S., Kleinbauer, I., Moser, D., & Essl, F. (2013). Invasion dynamics of three allergenic invasive Asteraceae (Ambrosia trifida, Artemisia annua, Iva xanthiifolia) in central and eastern Europe. Preslia, 85(1), 41-61. Konoplia, N., Kurdyukova, O., & Zherdeva, E. (2014). Cyclachaena xanthiifolia is a dangerous weed. Plant Protection and Quarantine, 12, 13-14. (in Russian). Kotov, M. (1927). Distribution of Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. in Ukraine. Magazine of the Russian Botanical Society, 12, 1-2. (in Russian). Kotov, M. (1949). Adventitious plant of the USSR. Botanical journal, 1, 6-8. (in Russian). Kurdyukova, O. (2018). Seed production capability of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in segetal and ruderal habitats. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(1), 153-157. DOI: 10.15421/2018_200. Kurdyukova, O., & Konoplia M. (2012). The weeds of Ukrainian steppes. Lugansk: Elton-2. (in Ukrainian). Kurdyukova, O., & Konoplia N. (2018). Seed productivity and weed seeds: Monograph. St. Petersburg: Svoe izdatel'stvo. (in Russian). Kurdyukova, O., Maslijov, S., & Zherdeva, K. (2014). Harmfulness of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia for corn and sunflower crops. Plant Quarantine and Protection, 5, 3-4. (in Ukrainian). Kurdyukova, O., & Zherdeva, K. (2014). Distribution and control of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen in anthropogenically disturbed ecotops. Agroecological journal, 3, 91-95. (in Ukrainian). Kurdyukova, O., & Zherdeva, K. (2015). Communities and invasion of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia in anthropogenically disturbed ecotops. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy, 1-2, 49-54. (in Ukrainian). Protopopova, V. (1973). Adventitious plant of the Forest Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine. Kiev: Naukova dumka. (in Ukrainian). Protopopova, V., Shevera, M., & Mosyak??n, S. (2009). Invasive species in flora of the Northern Black Sea region. Kiev: F??tosots??otsentr.  (in Ukrainian). Rogovich, A. (1869). Review of seed and higher spore plants belonging to flora of Kiev Educational District provinces: Volyn, Podolsk, Kiev, Chernigov and Poltava. Kiev. (in Russian). Tkach, E., & Sherstoboeva, E. (2013). Ecological aspects of the invasion of Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. in agrophytocenoses. Agroecological Journal, 3, 75-80.  

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