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Bu makalede çağdaş bir sosyolog ve düşünür olan Zygmunt Bauman’ın modern ve postmodern etiği nasıl bir perspektiften ele aldığı ve sorunsallaştırdığı incelenmektedir. Bauman modernite ve postmodernite arasında kendisini postmoderniteye daha yakın görmekte ve konumlandırmaktadır. Bu çerçevede onun etik ve ahlak anlayışı da bütünüyle olmasa da postmodern bir özellik göstermektedir. Özellikle aydınlanma felsefesiyle birlikte ahlakın tamamen rasyonelleştirilerek evrensel bir etik koda ve ardından da yasaya dönüştürüldüğünü ve böylece insanın ahlaki kapasitesine el konulduğunu ileri sürer. Modern türdeş toplum, devlet ve bürokratik anlayışın, toplumsal normlara, yasaya ve verilen emre itaate zorlayan yapısının insanı gayri ahlaki ve sorumsuz kıldığını vurgular. Bu bağlamda Bauman bu modern etik anlayışa karşı postmodern etiği önererek, insanın el konulmuş olan ahlaki kapasitesinin geri alınabileceğini ve böylece yaşamın yeniden ahlakileştirilebileceğini düşünür. Dolayısıyla modern etiğin üzerine kurulduğu temele yıkıcı bir darbe vurma girişiminde bulunur. Ancak Bauman’ın perspektifinde postmodern etik nihilist değildir, fakat modern kodlarla da asla uyuşmaz. Kısacası ona göre ahlak dış-erksel değil öz-erkseldir. Dolayısıyla o ahlakın bir tercih meselesi olduğunu ve tercihin olmadığı yerde ahlaktan da bahsedilemeyeceğini vurgular.
This article explores how a contemporary sociologist and thinker, Zygmunt Bauman, addressed and problematized modern and postmodern ethics from a perspective. Bauman sees himself closer to postmodernity between modernity and postmodernity. In this context, his ethical and moral understanding is not entirely, but shows a postmodern characteristic. Specifically, with the philosophy of illumination, he claims that morality is completely rationalized and a universal moral code and then transformed into law, and thus man’s moral capacity is handled away. It emphasizes that the structure of modern society, the state and bureaucratic conception, which forces to obey the social norms, the law and the given order, makes man unmoral and irresponsible. In this context, Bauman suggests post-modern ethics against this modern ethical understanding, and thinks that the man’s abducted moral capacity can be recovered and thus life can be re-moralised. Thus, the foundation that is founded on modern ethics is attempting to hit a devastating blow. But in Bauman’s perspective, postmodern ethics is not a nihilistic, but never consistent with modern codes. In short, the morality is not external, but self-personal. Therefore, he emphasizes that that morality is a matter of preference and that there is no mention of morality where there is no preference.
In this article, Zygmunt Bauman, a contemporary sociologist and thinker, examines the perspective and problematization of modern and postmodern ethics. Bauman sees and positions himself closer to postmodernity between modernity and postmodernity. In this context, his understanding of ethics and morality shows a postmodern feature, though not completely. He argues that especially with the enlightenment philosophy, morality was completely rationalized and transformed into a universal ethical code and then into a law, and thus the moral capacity of the human being was seized. Bauman emphasizes that the structure of modern homogeneous society, state and bureaucratic understanding, which forces the obedience to social norms, law and given orders, makes people immoral and irresponsible. In this context, by proposing postmodern ethics against this modern understanding, Bauman thinks that the inherited moral capacity of man can be restored and thus life can be moralized again. Therefore, it attempts a devastating blow to the foundation on which modern ethics is built. However, in Bauman's perspective, this postmodern ethic is not nihilistic, but it is never compatible with modern codes. In short, according to him, morality is not external but autonomous. Therefore, he emphasizes that morality is a matter of choice and where there is no choice, one cannot speak of morality.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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