Özet:

The 30th Anniversary is approaching since the Soviet Union has collapsed, and an independent Ukraine has been restated, which has become a turning event in the development of the Ukrainian historical science too. A complicated and contradictory process is going on aimed at cleaning that science from the ideological clichés and layers related to its communist past, from the stereotypes of the Marxist methodology, falsifications and misinterpretations, while the historical truth is being restated, and the integration of the Ukrainian Historiography into the European and world scope is expanding. In this context a special significance should be paid to the thorough understanding of the process of the methodological reorientation of the post-Soviet historians, to the generalization of the experience in the formation of a new generation of scholars as of priority performers of a decolonisation, desovietisation and decommunisatrion of the historical science, and to the irradication of remnants of the Soviet mentality. Grounds for the new phase of this process that was started yet in the 1990s, were provided by the Revolution of Dignity, European choice of the Ukrainian people, adoption of decommunisation laws, widening the access to archives, publication of some documents of the repressive bodies of the totalitarian regimes. Decommunisation, like derussianisation and domination of the Ukrainian centrism in Historiography, is focused on restatement of the truth, maintenance of a new paradigm in the history of Ukraine’s subjectivity, as well as its state personality and integrity. Especially important it is in the context of the annexation by Putin’s regime of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, of supporting the separatists forces on the occupied area of Donbas and the unleashed occupying and terroristic hybrid war, within the frames of which the central place was taken by “a war of histories”, endeavors of the aggressor to impose on the society the Russian interpretation of the History of Ukraine, the concept of a common history and the paradigm of “the Russian world”. The purpose of the paper is, while taking in consideration the available and imposed studies relating to the above formulated problem , including also the author’s publications , to clarify the point of the methodological reorientation of historians as the principal precondition and a constituent of decommunisation and derussianisation of the Ukrainian Historiography, to overcome the dangerous consequences of the imposition in that of the Marxist methodology, interpretation of history from the party- and class based positions, the great-power chauvinistic treatment of historic events, to clean the historical science from the communist and Soviet falsifications and misinterpretations, to trace the mutual dependence of the modernisation of the methodological instruments of the Ukrainian historians for their mastering the up-to-date civilizational theory, and also to put forward a few proposals, so as to make more active the decommunisation processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler: