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ÖZET Amaç: Ülkemizde hekimlik yapma yetkisine sahip hekimlere, Tababeti Adliye Kanunu’na göre adli olaylarda görev alabilme zorunluluğu; Türk Ceza Kanunu (TCK) 280. Maddesi ile de sağlık personeline adli olguyu bildirim zorunluluğu getirilmiştir. Adli raporlar, adli makamlarca hekimden istenen, kişinin tıbbi durumunun tespit eden ve maruz kalınan travmaya ilişkin adli makamlarca sorulan soruları yanıtlayan, hekim görüş ve kanaatini bildiren belgeleri kapsamaktadır. Bu araştırmada Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencileri (intörn doktor) ve Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde uzmanlık eğitimi almakta olan asistan hekimlerin adli raporlar konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve düşüncelerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışmanın evrenini Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencileri ve Dicle Üniversitesi Hastanesinde uzmanlık eğitimi almakta olan asistan doktorlar oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Anket formu sosyodemografik özelliklerin sorgulandığı sekiz ve adli raporlar konusunda bilgi, tutum ve düşüncelerin değerlendirildiği çoktan seçmeli 20 sorudan oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma verilerimizin istatistiksel değerlendirmesinde SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların 175’i (%65) asistan hekim, 94’ü (%35) ise intörn doktordur. Asistan ve intörn doktorların yaş ortalamaları sırası ile 29,4±3,83 yıl ve 24,7±1,62 yıl idi. Asistan ve intörn doktorların sırasıyla 120’si (%69) ve 65’i (%69,1) erkek olup, 54’ü (%31) ve 29’u (%30,9) kadın idi. Katılımcılara adli tıp konusunda kendilerini yeterli görüp görmedikleri sorulmuş; asistan hekim ve intörn doktorların sırasıyla 115’i (%65,7) ve 83’ü (%88,3) yetersiz gördüğünü belirtmiştir. Katılımcılardan asistan hekimlerin ve intörn doktorların sırasıyla 59’u (%33,7) ve 69’u (%73,4) verecekleri adli raporların yargıdaki etkilerini bilmediğini, 39’u (%22,3) ve 2’si (%2,1) bildiğini, 77’si (%44) ve 23’ü (%24,5) ise kısmen bildiğini söylemiştir. Geçici Raporun geçerlilik süresi sorgulanmış, asistan hekimlerin 45’i (%25,7), intörn doktorların ise 66’sı (%70,2) geçici raporu ilk defa duyduğunu söylemiştir. Sonuç: Mahkemelerin verdiği karar ve cezaları adli raporların sonuçları etkilemekte olup, hatalı ya da eksik verilen adli raporlar muayene edilen kişiyi ya da sanığı mağdur edebilmekte, hekimi hukuki ve cezai sorumlulukların altına sokabilmekte, adli makamların iş yükünü arttırarak adli yargı sürecinin uzamasına ve yargının yanlış tecellisine neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle gerek hekimlerin gerekse hekim adaylarının adli raporların usulüne uygun ve doğru doldurulması konusunda yeterince bilgi sahibi olmaları, adli raporların kendilerine yükledikleri hukuki sorumluluğun ve yargıdaki etkilerini bilmeleri son derece önemlidir. Şüphesiz bu sorunların çözülmesinin en önemli yolu eğitimdir. Bu nedenle, mezuniyet öncesi adli tıp eğitimleri iyileştirilmeli, mezuniyet sonrasında iller düzeyinde sürekli ve düzenli eğitimler olmalı, adli rapor yazımında kılavuzlardan faydalanılmalıdır.
ABSTRACT Objective: In Turkey, doctors are obliged to serve in forensic events when needed as by the Forensic Medicine Law and to report the forensic cases to the relevant health care professionals as by the Turkish Criminal Code, Article 280. Forensic reports are legal documents demanded by judicial authorities, providing information on the medical condition of the forensic cases, encompassing answers to the questions to be tested by judicial authorities regarding the forensic event, and also presenting the remarks and opinions of the physician. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge base, attitudes, and views regarding forensic reports in the medical students enrolled in the last grade of medical education at Dicle University Medical School and the general practitioners doing specialty training at Dicle University Medical School Hospital. Methods: The universe of this cross-sectional descriptive study included all the students enrolled in the last grade of medical education at Dicle University Medical School and the general practitioners doing specialty training at Dicle University Medical School Hospital. Data collection was achieved by a questionnaire consisting of 8 multiple-choice items probing the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and 20 multiple-choice items probing their knowledge base, attitudes, and views regarding forensic reports. Data were evaluated using SPSS 22.0 for Windows. Results: The participants comprised 175 (65%) general practitioners and 94 (35%) students. Mean age was 29.4±3.83 years in the general practitioners and 24.7±1.62 years in the students. The general practitioners included 120 (69%) men and 54 (31%) women and the students included 65 (69.1%) men and 29 (30.9%) women. The results indicated that 115 (65.7%) of the general practitioners and 83 (88.3%) of the students indicated that they felt incompetent in the field of forensic medicine. Moreover, 59 (33.7%) of the general practitioners and 69 (73.4%) of the students declared that they had no idea regarding the legal effects of the forensic reports prepared by physicians, 39 (22.3%) of the general practitioners and 2 (2.1%) of the students declared that they had complete knowledge about this effect, and 77 (44.0%) of the general practitioners and 23 (24.5%) of the students declared having limited knowledge. On the other hand, regarding the validity period of provisional forensic reports, 45 (25.7%) of the general practitioners and 66 (70.2%) of the students indicated that they heard this report for the first time. Conclusion: Forensic reports have a strong potential to influence the verdicts and punishments decreed by courts. Moreover, incomplete or erroneous forensic reports may aggrieve the individuals or the convicts being examined by a physician, thereby weighing legal and penal burdens on the physician, and ultimately leading to increased judicial workload, prolonged judicial process, and wrongful judgment. For these reasons, both physicians and physician candidates should prepare forensic reports in the appropriate form and should be well acknowledged about how to do preparing them and also should have full knowledge about the legal burden imposed on them by these reports as well as the legal effects of the reports. Unquestionably, the best way to eliminate these problems is to provide training for these professionals regarding forensic reports. Therefore, the aspects of forensic medicine within the undergraduate medical education should be enhanced, widespread and regular training activities should be carried out in almost all cities, and guidelines for preparing forensic reports should be published.
ABSTRACT Objective: In Turkey, physicians are obliged to serve in forensic events when needed as per the Forensic Medicine Law and to report the forensic cases to the pertinent healthcare professionals as per the Turkish Penal Code, Article 280. Forensic reports are legal documents demanded by judicial authorities, providing information on the medical condition of the forensic cases, encompassing answers to the questions to be probed by judicial authorities regarding the forensic event, and also presenting the remarks and opinions of the physician. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge base, attitudes, and views regarding forensic reports in the medical students enrolled in the last grade of medical education at Dicle University Medical School and the general practitioners doing specialty training at Dicle University Medical School Hospital. Methods: The universe of this cross-sectional descriptive study included all the students enrolled in the last grade of medical education at Dicle University Medical School and the general practitioners doing specialty training at Dicle University Medical School Hospital. Data collection was achieved by a questionnaire consisting of 8 multiple-choice items probing the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and 20 multiple-choice items probing their knowledge base, attitudes, and views regarding forensic reports. Data were evaluated using SPSS 22.0 for Windows. Results: The participants comprised 175 (65%) general practitioners and 94 (35%) students. Mean age was 29.4±3.83 years in the general practitioners and 24.7±1.62 years in the students. The general practitioners included 120 (69%) men and 54 (31%) women and the students included 65 (69.1%) men and 29 (30.9%) women. The results indicated that 115 (65.7%) of the general practitioners and 83 (88.3%) of the students indicated that they felt incompetent in the realm of forensic medicine. Moreover, 59 (33.7%) of the general practitioners and 69 (73.4%) of the students declared that they had no idea regarding the legal effects of the forensic reports prepared by physicians, 39 (22.3%) of the general practitioners and 2 (2.1%) of the students declared that they had complete knowledge about this effect, and 77 (44.0%) of the general practitioners and 23 (24.5%) of the students declared having limited knowledge. On the other hand, regarding the validity period of provisional forensic reports, 45 (25.7%) of the general practitioners and 66 (70.2%) of the students indicated that they heard this report for the first time. Conclusion: Forensic reports have a strong potential to influence the verdicts and punishments decreed by courts. Moreover, incomplete or erroneous forensic reports may aggrieve the individuals or the convicts being examined by a physician, thereby weighing legal and penal burdens on the physician, and ultimately leading to increased judicial workload, prolonged judicial process, and wrongful judgement. For these reasons, both physicians and physician candidates should prepare forensic reports in due form and should be well acknowledged about how to do prepare them and also should have full knowledge about the legal burden imposed on them by these reports as well as the legal effects of the reports. Unquestionably, the best way to eliminate these problems is to provide training for these professionals regarding forensic reports. Therefore, the aspects of forensic medicine within the undergraduate medical education should be enhanced, widespread and regular training activities should be performed in almost all cities, and guidelines for preparing forensic reports should be publicized.
Alan : Sağlık Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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