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Türkiye Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan bu yana geçen doksan beş yılın neredeyse yarısı, askeri yönetimler, sıkıyönetim ve olağanüstü hal uygulamalarıyla geçmiştir. Cumhuriyetin kurulmasından 1987 yılına kadar farklı zaman dilimlerinde 12 kez sıkıyönetim ilan edilmiş ülke yaklaşık olarak 26 yıl boyunca ordunun kontrolü altında tutulmuştur. Bu dönemlerin gereği olarak, anayasal süreçler askıya alınmış ve basın, bu süreçlerden en fazla etkilenen yapılardan biri olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de hayata geçirilen sıkıyönetim uygulamalarının basın üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Cumhuriyet’in ilanından günümüze kadar geçen süreçte yaşanan olağanüstü dönemlerin Türk basınının tarihsel gelişimi ve yapısal dönüşümü üzerindeki rolünün de incelendiği çalışmada, sıkıyönetim dönemlerinde genel olarak basın özgürlüğünün ortadan kaldırıldığı ve ağır sansür koşullarının devreye girdiği belirlenmiştir. İncelenen dönemlerin günün koşullarına göre kendi içerisinde farklı özellikler gösterdiği ve bu nedenle basının yayın politikalarında kırılmalara neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bu dönemlerde gerçekleştirilen yasal düzenlemelerle birlikte iktidarların uyguladığı politikalar nedeniyle medyanın mülkiyet yapısı değişikliğe uğramış, bu yapısal dönüşümün doğurduğu yeni anlayış, gazetecilik pratiklerini de olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Kaynak tarama yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen bu makale, Türk medyasının geçirdiği evrelerin ortaya konulması, bunun yanında medyayı biçimlendiren koşulların yansıtılması bakımından önem arz etmektedir.
Nearly half of the past nine-five years since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey have passed with military governments, strict governments and emergency practices. From the establishment of the Republic until 1987; 12 times in different periods of time, the country has been under the control of the army for about 26 years. As a result of these periods, the constitutional processes have been suspended and the press has become one of the structures that have been highly affected by these processes. This study was aimed at revealing the effects of the practices of stress management implemented in Turkey on the press. In the study that the extraordinary periods in the process from the proclamation of the Republic to the present day are also examined the role of Turkish press on historical development and structural transformation, the periods of strict administration have determined that the freedom of the press in general has been eliminated and the heavy censorship conditions have entered into force. The periods reviewed have been determined to show different characteristics within themselves according to the conditions of the day, and therefore the press has caused breaches in the publication policies. According to the results obtained, along with the legal arrangements implemented during these periods, the ownership structure of the media has changed due to the policies implemented by the powers, the new understanding that this structural transformation has generated has also negatively affected the practices of journalism. This article, performed by the source scan method, is important in terms of the exposure of the stages that the Turkish media passes, and in terms of the reflection of the conditions that form the media.
Nearly half of last ninety-five years since the founding of the Republic of Turkey, has passed with the military authorities, with state of siege and state of emergency executions. From the foundation of the Republic until the year 1987; state of siege was declared 12 times in different time periods; the country has been under the control of the army for about 26 years. As a requirement of these periods, constitutional processes have been suspended and the press has become one of the most affected structures.This study aimed to demonstrate the impacts on the press of state of siege applications that passed in to life in Turkey. in the study of the extraordinary periods of the period from the declaration of the republic to the day-long period in which the historical development and structural role of the Turkish press were examined, and it was determined that the freedom of the press was lifted in general during the period of state of siege and the conditions of heavy censorship were put into effect. However, in recent history; some media organs have been identified as the reason for intervention, by exceeding the limits of press freedom; threatening national security and threatening national integrity. It has been determined that the periods examined have different characteristics according to the conditions of the day and thus cause the breaking of the publishing policies of the press. According to the results obtained, the ownership structure of the media has been changed due to the policies implemented by the governments together with the legal regulations carried out in these periods, and the new understanding that this structural transformation has caused, has also affected the journalistic practices in the negative direction. This article, which is done by source scanning method, is important in terms of introducing the stages of the Turkish media, as well as reflecting the conditions that form the media.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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