Özet:

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease of prematurity that affects a substantial proportion of extremely preterm infants. We aimed to find out the antenatal and postnatal risk factors for BPD in a large-scale cohort of preterm infants. Material and Methods: Records of preterm infants born <32 gestational weeks and <1500 g were included in this single-center retrospective study that was performed between January 2014 and December 2018. While babies with moderate and severe BPD constituted the study group, the control group included those with mild BPD and without BPD. Groups were compared in terms of antenatal and postnatal risk factors. Results: In the final analysis, data of 626 infants were recorded. The mean gestational age and birth weight of the whole cohort were 28±1.4 weeks and 1084±225 g, respectively. Ninety-seven (15.4%) infants in the study group had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight compared to those in the control group (27±1.5 vs 28.3±1.7 weeks, and 933±201 vs 1108±256 g respectively, p<0.05). Extensive resuscitation in the delivery room (OR 2.64, Cl [1.57-4.4]), low gestational age (OR 0.80 Cl [0.67-0.95]), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) (OR 1.78 Cl [1.05-3.03]) and delayed full enteral feeding (OR 1.05 Cl [1.02-1.08]) were associated with a higher rate of moderate-to-severe BPD. Conclusion: Large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to elucidate whether the association of hsPDA and delayed full enteral feeding with BPD is a real cause and effect relationship or a component of illness state during the process of evolving BPD. 

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