Özet:

Kremna located in the Province of Burdur, at the District Bucak, northeast of the county Çamlık is one of the most important cities of Pisidia. The city surrounded by cliffs from three sides, has a fairly sheltered location. Due to its strategic location, the city has been turned into a Roman colony by Augustus. Shortly after, it was connected to other four Roman colonies located within the borders of Pisidia through Via Sebaste. From the early periods onwards Kremna was one of the most visited cities by travelers and the single legal excavation was in 1970, lead by Prof. J. İnan around a structure named as the Q building. Following quire short excavations, epigraphic and archaeological researches were undertaken by M. Özsait and S. Mitchell. All of the embossed bowl moulds, evaluated in this study are of Kremnean origin and are exhibited in the Burdur Museum. These patterns are evidences of the fact that Kremna was the center of ceramic production in the Hellenistic period. These form the largest group of Hellenistic embossed bowl moulds, found in a city. Moulds are classified into three different types according to their form and decoration. Within group of type 1, pine cone-shaped bowls, produced widely in all cities as samples of the earliest bowl moulds are examined. Type 2 moulds have similar characteristics with the Ephesus-Ionia and Delos workshops in frames decorated with Ionic cymation and pearl-beads. However, the calyx and medallion decoration of the same mould are different in known workshops. Carved are APTEMEOYΣ, X, X K, KPA, X KPA or KPA X on the outer faces of almost all of the moulds of this type. Among these words, APTEMEOYΣ clearly points out a master named APTEMHΣ. However it is not definite that KPA and its derivatives, used as abbreviation, point out to an abbreviated name of a master or workshop. Type 3 constitutes the latest dated embossed bowls of Kremna. Type 3 has a deeper body and a bigger size compared to Type 2 moulds. Embellishments used are completely different then Type 2. These embellishments are quite worn because of overuse. Color fluctuations and embellishment distortions can be seen in many moulds due to firing. Type 3 moulds are dated to the period between the last quarter of the 2nd century B.C. and the middle of 1st century B.C. In Kremna some moulds embellishments interacted with Ephesus-Ionia. However, because many moulds vary widely in practice a new and original workshop is being suggested. Similar embellished examples of moulds dating from the first half of 2nd century B.C. until the middle of 1st century B.C. were found in southwest Anatolian cities such as Sagalassos, Boubon and Kibyra imply that they are products with regional character.

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