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Bu çalışma, farklı sığır gübresi uygulamalarının pamuk solgunluk hastalığı ve lif teknolojik özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme, Diyarbakır’ın Bismil ilçesinde Verticillium dahliae fungusu ile doğal bulaşık olan bir çiftçi tarlasında 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Ana parselleri, sığır gübre miktarları (2, 4 ve 6 ton/da) alt parselleri ise pamuk çeşitleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışmalarda solgunluk hastalığına karşı tolerant GW Teks ve orta derecede tolerant Stoneville 468 pamuk çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Patojenin inokulum yoğunluğunu belirlemek için deneme alanından gübrelemeden önce ve sonra toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Hastalık şiddeti, yaprak ve iletim demetlerindeki renk değişikliğine göre hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca lif analizleri için her parselden 40 koza örneği alınmıştır. Rollergin makinesinde çırçırlandıktan sonra bazı lif kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Deneme alanında 2013 yılında bir gram toprakta 75 adet mikrosklerot (ms) saptanmıştır. İkinci yılda 2 ve 4 ton/da sığır gübresi uygulaması hariç diğer parsellerde sklerot yoğunluğunda bir artış olmuştur. İki yılın ortalama sonuçlarına göre hastalık şiddeti, gübre uygulamaları, pamuk çeşitleri ve yıllar arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur. En düşük hastalık indeksi yeşil aksam değerlendirmesinde 2 ton/da (1.48), gövde kesitinde ise 4 ton/da (1.58) uygulamasında saptanmıştır. İki yılın ortalama sonuçlarına göre GW Teks çeşidinin hastalık şiddeti Stoneville 468’e göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Lif uzunluğu, lif inceliği, lif üniformitesi, lif kopma dayanıklılığı, kısa lif oranı ve lif kopma uzaması değerleri gübre uygulamalarına göre farksız bulunmuştur. Ancak lif uzunluğu, lif inceliği ve lif üniformitesi yıllara ve pamuk çeşitlerine göre farklılık göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, sığır gübresi uygulamasının çiftçi uygulaması ve kontrole göre Verticillium solgunluğunu baskı altına aldığını göstermiştir.
This study was done with the aim of determining the effects of different livestock fertilizer applications on cotton swelling disease and fiber technological characteristics. The trial was carried out in 3 rounds according to the trial pattern of parsels divided into random blocks in 2013 and 2014 in a farmer field that was naturally washed with Verticillium dahliae fungus in Diyarbakır's Bismil district. The main parcels, the low parcels of cattle fertilizers (2, 4 and 6 tons per day) formed cotton varieties. In the studies, GW Text tolerant against polio disease and medium tolerant Stoneville 468 potato varieties were used. Examples of soil were taken before and after fertilization from the test area to determine the inoculum intensity of the pathogen. The severity of the disease is calculated according to the color change in the leaves and transmission sets. In addition, 40 coza samples were taken from each parcel for fiber analysis. After scratching in the Rollergin machine, some fiber quality features have been studied. In 2013, 75 microsclerots (ms) were detected in a gram of soil. In the second year there was an increase in sclerotic intensity in other parcels except 2 and 4 tons per day of livestock fertilizer. According to the average two-year results, the severity of the disease, fertilizer applications, cotton varieties and the difference between the years was significant. The lowest disease index was identified in the green axis assessment of 2 tons per day (1.48), and in the body cut 4 tons per day (1.58) in the application. According to the average two-year results, the severity of the disease of the GW Text species was lower than Stoneville 468 . The lif length, the fiber thinness, the fiber uniformity, the fiber break resistance, the short fiber ratio and the fiber break extension values have been undifferent according to the fertilizer applications. But the fiber length, the fiber thinness and the fiber uniformity have varied by years and cotton varieties. The results of this study showed that the application of livestock fertilizer under pressure the verticillium volatility according to the farmer's application and control.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of different cattle manure application on cotton wilt disease and fiber properties. The experiments were performed in the experimental plots contaminated with fungi Verticillium dahlia at farmer’s field during 2013 and 2014 in Bismil district of Diyarbakır. The field trials were designed according to the split plots under the randomized blocks with three replications. The main plots were cattle manure doses (2, 4 and 6 tons/da) and sub-parcels formed cotton varieties. GW Tex and Stoneville 468 cotton varieties were used as the material that one was tolerant and the other moderately tolerant to the Verticillium wilt disease, respectively. The soil samples were taken from the experimental area before and after applying manures for determining of inoculum intensity of pathogen. Disease severities were determined by using foliar and vascular disease index. In addition, 40 bolls were collected from each parcel for fiber analysis. After the ginning in the Rollergin machine, some fiber quality properties were investigated. In the experimental area, 75 microsclerotia (ms) were detected in one gram of soil in 2013. In the second year, except 2 and 4 tons/da cattle manure applications, there was an increase in the density of ms on the other parcels. The difference between disease severity, fertilizer applications, cotton varieties and years was found to be significant according to the average results of two years. The lowest disease index was found to be 2 ton/da (1.48) in the green component evaluation and 4 ton/da (1.58) in the stem section of the plant. According to the average results of two years, the disease severity of GW Teks was lower than that of Stoneville 468. Fiber length, fiber fineness, fiber uniformity, fiber strength, short fiber ratio, and fiber elongation values were found to be no different from cattle manure applications. However, fiber length, fiber fineness, and fiber uniformity values varied according to years and cotton varieties. The results of this study indicated that the application of cattle manure was suppressing Verticillium wilt according to farmer application and control.
Field : Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri
Journal Type : Ulusal
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