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Şehirlerde insan kaynaklı faaliyetler sonucu atmosfere önemli miktarda sera gazı emisyonu salınmaktadır. Bu gazların salınımlarının hızla artması sonucu küresel ısınma ile beraber, iklim değişikliğine neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Kocaeli ilinde başlıca şehir kaynaklarından salınan metan (CH4), karbondioksit (CO2) ve nitröz oksit (N2O) gazlarının salınım değerleri Hükümetler Arası İklim Değişikliği Paneli’nin (IPCC) Kademe 1 yöntemi ile CO2 eşdeğerine çevrilerek hesaplandı. Yoğun nüfusu ve sanayi faaliyetlerine sahip olan Kocaeli’de, elektrik üretimi ve tüketimi, ısınma, ulaşım ve atık yönetiminden kaynaklanan sera gazı emisyonlarının toplam miktarları 2015, 2016 ve 2017 yılları için sırasıyla 28 131 515 ton CO2-eşd, 25 985 586 ton CO2-eşd ve 21 228 854 ton CO2-eşd olarak hesaplandı. Kocaeli ilinde üç yılın sera gazı emisyonu ortalamasına göre % 50.8'lik payı ısınmadan kaynaklandığı belirlendi. Konutlarda ısınma ihtiyacını karşılamak için yıllara bağlı olarak doğal gaz kullanımı artarken, kömür kullanımının azalmasıyla sera gazı emisyonunda azalma sağlandı. Ayrıca, araç yakıtı kullanımında motorin ve benzinden kaynaklı sera gazı emisyonu oranları sırasıyla %93.5 ve %6.5 değerleri 2017 için bulundu. Motorin, ulaşımdan kaynaklı dikkate alınabilir seviyede sera gazı emisyonu kaynağı olarak belirlendi. Atık yönetiminden kaynaklanan sera gazı ise, toplam emisyonun %0.8 değerinde olup çok düşük bir orana sahiptir. Ayrıca, toplu ulaşımda sera gazı emisyonunu azalmak için CNG yakıtlı otobüslerin kullanımı artırıldı. Genel olarak bakıldığında Kocaeli ilinde 2015 yılından 2017 yılına kadar sera gazı emisyon trendinde %24.5’lik bir düşüş gerçekleşti. Bu durumda, sektörler bazında en fazladan en aza sera gazı emisyonu kaynakları sırasıyla şunlardır; ısınma, elektrik tüketimi, elektrik üretimi, ulaşım, atık yönetimi.
In cities, human activity leads to significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The rapid increase in emissions of these gases, along with global warming, is known to cause climate change. In this study, the emission values of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (N2O) gases released from the main urban resources in Kocaeli province were calculated by converting the emission values to the CO2 equivalent by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Degree 1 method. In Kocaeli, with intense population and industrial activities, the total amounts of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from electricity production and consumption, heating, transport and waste management were calculated as 28 131 515 tons of CO2, 25 985 586 tons of CO2 and 21 228 854 tons of CO2 for 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. According to the average greenhouse gas emissions of three years in Kocaeli, 50.8% of the share was found to be caused by warming. While the use of natural gas has increased over the years to meet the heating needs in houses, the reduction in coal use has resulted in a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, motor and gas emission rates in vehicle fuel use were found at 93.5% and 6.5% respectively for 2017. The engine was identified as a source of greenhouse gas emissions at considerable levels resulting from transportation. The greenhouse gas resulting from waste management is 0.8% of the total emissions and has a very low ratio. In addition, the use of CNG fuel buses has been increased to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in public transport. In general, a drop of 24.5% in the greenhouse gas emission trend from 2015 to 2017 occurred in Kocaeli. In this case, the most additional minimum greenhouse gas emission sources based on sectors are, respectively; heating, electricity consumption, electricity production, transportation, waste management.
A significant amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is emitted to the atmosphere from human activities in cities. These gases are known to cause climate change along with global warming as a result of rapid increase in the environment. In this study, the emission values of CH4, CO2 and N2O gases emitted from major urban sources in Kocaeli were calculated by converting them to CO2 equivalent by using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change model. The total amount of GHG emissions from the sources of electricity production and consumption, heating, transportation and waste management in Kocaeli, which has a dense population and industrial activities, are 28 131 515 tons CO2-eq, 25 985 586 tons CO2-eq and 21 228 854 tons CO2-eq for 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The highest GHG emission was determined to be caused by heating supply with three-year average share of 50.8%. While the rate of natural gas usage increased to meet the heating need in the residential buildings, a decrease in greenhouse gas emission has been achieved with the decrease in coal use. In addition, the ratios of GHG emissions from diesel and gasoline were 93.5% and 6.5% for 2017, respectively. The emission form diesel was determined at a remarkable high level. On the other hand, GHG emission from the waste management was 0.8% of total emission. Besides, the use of CNG fueled buses has been increased to reduce GHG emissions in public transportation. In general, the GHG emission trend decreased by 24.5% from 2015 to 2017. Consequently, sources of greenhouse gas emissions from the highest to the lowest in sectors are as follows; heating, electricity consumption, electricity production, transportation, waste management.
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