Abstract:

In this study, the increasing number of deaths and possible causes of the colony of mass honey (Apis mellifera L.) that threatened the beekeepers and thus the breeding industry in recent years have been assessed. It is beneficial to know that over the past 50 years the total number of world colonies has increased by 100% and that this increase continues. Bee colonic deaths, which are considered normal at 10-15% in winter seasons, have reached 100% levels in some years and have caused serious economic losses. Some hypotheses on the causes of mass losses have been revealed, and although research has been done on them, a certain blood has not yet been found. Recent years of research, observations and information sharing we have done with beekeepers have found that deaths can not be a single cause, and that more than one factor stressing the colonies can be the result of synergy effects. The lack of sufficient knowledge of bee biology and colonial dynamics is mainly the errors in cultivating practices, the reduction of genetic variation, the spread of parasites-predators and pathogens, seasonal changes, excessive industrial sugar use, attractive detergents, excessive acaricide and antibiotic use, agricultural chemical fertilizers and pesticide use are the main stress-creating elements. The occurrence of many of these factors at the same time causes the tolerant increase of negativity, the rise to a level that the colony cannot tolerate, the immunity system is deteriorated, and as a result, the colony collapse syndrome.

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