Özet:

The Coronaviridae family consists of two subfamilies: Orthocoronavirinae and Letovirinae. The subfamily of orthocoronavirinae is studied in 4 separate genus (gins) according to the serological and genetic characteristics of alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae family are covered, in size 80-220 nm and in pleomorphic structure, but mostly show a global appearance. These viruses have visible surface outputs of a length of 20 nm and in the form of a crown called the trimer spike. Because coronavirus has a large RNA genom, mutation and recombination type genome changes are more common in these viruses. Especially the fact that the creme CoVs can be circulated in a large number of different species in nature, can lead to increased rate of recombination and mutation and the appearance of new pathogenic CoVs. The reproduction of coronavirus occurs in the cytoplasm of the cells. These viruses are first held on the cell surface receptors with S protein for replication. In the capacity of CoV to create infection in the host and the main determinant in the tissue tropism is the relationship between the virus S protein and the host cell surface receptor. SARS-CoV-2 is connected to different areas of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 - ACE2). ACE2, an important cell surface for the balance of heart function and blood pressure, is defined as zinc-binding carboxypeptidase. With the identification of SARS-CoV-2 as the etiological agent of a new pandemic, it has once again raised interest in molecular biology and pathogenesis of coronavirus. These studies have produced a lot of functional and structural information that can be used for the development of specific antiviral agents and vaccines in a very short time against SARS-CoV-2.

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