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Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Fetuin-A. However, the association of Fetuin-A with atherosclerosis is more controversial. We hypothesized that the pathogenic interplay of NAFLD, Fetuin-A and atherosclerosis varies based on arterial site. Accordingly, we aimed to assess NAFLD prevalence, Fetuin-A values and their relationship with symptomatic atherosclerosis occurring in different localizations: coronary artery disease (CAD) vs. peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: One hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic CVD were recruited: 45 with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography and 104 with PAD detected by doppler-ultrasound and/or computed tomography angiography and/or angiography. NAFLD was diagnosed based on both ultrasonography and exclusion of competing etiologies. Serum Fetuin-A was measured with ELISA. Results: NAFLD was detected in 54% of the overall group, with higher rates in PAD (59%) than CAD (42%) patients. Median Fetuin-A values were 256 (111–662) μg/mL, higher in patients with CAD (378 (124−662) μg/mL) than those with PAD (236 (111−461) μg/mL). The main findings were: (1) CAD patients had higher Fetuin-A values and less frequently NAFLD than PAD patients; (2) NAFLD was positively associated with Fetuin-A values; however, this association was limited to CAD patients only; (3) Fetuin-A values were positively associated with both CAD and NAFLD. Conclusion: The pathogenic interplay of NAFLD, Fetuin-A and atherosclerosis probably varies according to the arterial site.

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