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Ülkelerin uygulamış oldukları iktisat politikalarının küresel gelişmelerin ışığında cereyan ettikleri gözlenmektedir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin takip etmiş oldukları iktisat politikaları küresel şartların etkisi altında şekillenmektedir. Küreselleşme, finansallaşma hareketlerinin hız kazandığı 1980 sonrası süreçte sermayenin uluslararası serbest dolaşımı ile yatırımlarını finansa edecek kadar yeterli tasarrufları bulunmayan az gelişmiş ülkelerin finansman ihtiyacının diğer ülkelerin tasarruf fazlalığı ile karşılanmasının yolu açılmıştır. Türkiye ekonomisine 1923’ten günümüze bu perspektif içerisinde bakıldığında küresel ekonomideki ana eğilimlerin dışında kalmadığı görülmektedir. Türkiye’nin iktisat politikalarının tarihsel süreci incelendiğinde, yukarıda ifade edilen tipik gelişmekte olan ülke modeline uyduğu ve küresel şartların Türkiye’nin iktisat politikalarını şekillendirdiği görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti kuruluşundan bu yana önce askeri alanda sonrasında siyasi alanda vermiş olduğu bağımsızlık mücadelesini iktisadi alanda da vermiştir. Ancak, askeri ve siyasi alanda verilen mücadeledeki başarıyı iktisadi alanda gösterememiştir. Türkiye halen iktisadi performansında büyük oranda dışa bağımlı bir ülke konumunun dışına çıkamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin kuruluşundan günümüze izlemiş olduğu iktisat politikalarına yön veren temel dinamikleri, olaylar ve olgular ışığında değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada ortaya çıkan sonuç, Türkiye’nin dışa bağımlı yapısı ve temel makro göstergelerinin ortaya koyduğu kırılgan ekonomisi ile iktisat politikaları üretiminde kendi siyasi, sosyal ve iktisadi gerçekleri yanında küresel ölçekteki gelişmeleri de dikkate alan bir iktisat politikası üretmenin gerekli olduğudur.
The country’s economic policies are observed in the light of global developments. In particular, the economic policies that developing countries follow are shaped under the influence of global conditions. Globalization has opened the way to satisfying the need for financing of the less developed countries, which have not had sufficient savings to finance their investments through the international freedom of movement of capital in the post 1980s, with the other countries’ savings excess. From 1923 to today, Turkey’s economy is seen to be outside the main trends in the global economy. When the historic process of Turkey’s economic policies is examined, it appears that it is consistent with the typical developing country model mentioned above and the global conditions shape Turkey’s economic policies. In this regard, the Republic of Turkey has given its struggle for independence in the political field before the establishment of the State in the military field after it in the economic field. However, he did not demonstrate the success of the struggle in the military and political field. Turkey has not yet been out of a position of a largely externally dependent country in its economic performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fundamental dynamics, events and events that direct the economic policies that Turkey has followed from its establishment to today. The result of the study is that it is necessary to produce an economic policy that takes into account the development of the foreign-dependent structure and the vulnerable economy of Turkey and its economic policies in the production of its own political, social and economic facts, as well as the developments on a global scale.
It is observed that the economic policies implemented by the countries take place in the light of global developments. Especially the economic policies followed by developing countries are shaped under the influence of global conditions. In the post-1980 period, in which globalization and financialization movements accelerated, the way was opened to meet the financing needs of underdeveloped countries that did not have enough savings to finance their investments with the international free movement of capital. When the Turkish economy is viewed from this perspective since 1923, it is seen that it has not remained outside the main trends in the global economy. When the historical process of Turkey's economic policies is examined, it is seen that it conforms to the above-mentioned typical developing country model and global conditions shape Turkey's economic policies. In this direction, since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the struggle for independence, which has been given first in the military field and then in the political field, has also given in the economic field, but it has not shown the same success in the economic field as the struggle in the military and political field. Turkey still has not been able to move its economic performance out of the position of a country that is highly dependent on foreign sources. The aim of this study; It is to make an evaluation of the main dynamics that shape the economic policies that Turkey has followed since its establishment, through events and facts. The result of the research is that Turkey needs to produce an economic policy in which foreign-dependent and fragile economy revealed by its basic macro indicators, as well as its own political, social and economic realities, as well as global developments are taken into account in the production of economic policies.
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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