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Amerikalı feminist tarihçi Joan Wallach Scott kadın deneyimlerine yer vermeyen ideolojik, kısmi ve çarpık tarihi aşan yeni bir tarihyazımının geliştirilmesini ister. Bu doğrultuda Scott, toplumsal yapıdaki ayrışma ve hiyerarşi kategorilerinden biri olarak ele alınan toplumsal cinsiyet kategorisinin, sınıf, ırk, etnik köken gibi diğer hiyerarşi kategorilerini de kapsayacak şekilde yeniden tanımlanmasını önerir. Tarihi, zamansız olma iddiasındaki düşünceleri sorgulamamızı sağlayan ve böylece değişim hakkında düşünme imkânının yolunu açan bir disiplin olarak gören Scott, bu görüşünü özgürleştirici ancak sabit olmayan eleştirel tarih projesi olarak adlandırır. Söz konusu proje, Foucault’nun şimdinin tarihi dediği soykütüksel yaklaşıma karşılık gelir. Doğruluğundan şüphe edilmeyen doğal ya da verili olduğu kabul edilen kavram ve kategorilerin soruşturulmasını içeren soykütüksel yaklaşımda tarihsel soruşturmaya şimdiden başlanır. Şimdiden geçmişe belirli bir kırılmaya ya da dönüşüme ulaşıncaya kadar gidilir ve ardından yakalanan kırılma ya da dönüşümün izi takip edilerek şimdiye gelinir. Böylece, insanın kendisini tanımasını sağlayacak olayların, diğer bir ifadeyle insanın düşündüğü, dile getirdiği, yaptığı şeylerle kendisini bir özne olarak nasıl kurduğuna ilişkin olayların tarihsel bir soruşturmadan geçirilmesi mümkün olur. Bu kapsamda makale, feminist tarihyazımında farklılığın birtakım amaçlara hizmet eden belirli bir tarihsel temsil olarak görülmesinde, Foucault’nun soykütük düşüncesinin yerini anlama amacına yöneliktir.
American feminist historian Joan Wallach Scott asks for the development of a new history that exceeds the ideological, partial and broken history, which is not part of the women’s experiences. In this regard, Scott suggests that the social gender category, which is considered one of the categories of division and hierarchy in the social structure, be re-defined in such a way as to include other categories of hierarchy, such as class, race, ethnic origin. Scott, who sees history as a discipline that allows us to question the thoughts on the claims of being timeless and thus opens the way for the possibility of thinking about change, calls this view a liberalizing but non-stable critical history project. The project corresponds to the so-called so-called approach that Foucault now calls history. The historical investigation in the genocide approach that involves the investigation of the concepts and categories that are considered natural or given without a doubt of its accuracy is already begun. It goes to the past until it reaches a certain breakdown or conversion and then comes to the present by following the trace of the breakdown or conversion that is caught. Thus, it is possible to pass through a historical investigation of the events that will enable man to recognize himself, in other words, the events about how man thinks, speaks, does and establishes himself as an essence. In this context, when the article is seen as a specific historical representation of differences in feminist history, which serves a number of purposes, it is aimed at understanding Foucault’s place of the idea of genocide.
The American feminist historian Joan Wallach Scott desires to develop a new historiography which transcends ideological, partial and distorted history that does not include the experiences of women. In this context, Scott suggests and proposes that a redefinition of the gender category, which is considered to be one of the categories of segregation and hierarchy in the social structure, to include the other hierarchy categories such as classes, races and ethnicities. Scott who considers history as a discipline that allows us to question thoughts that claim to be timeless and thus paves the way for thinking about change and she names this view of her a liberating yet unstable critical history project. The project in question corresponds to the genealogical approach that Foucault calls the present history. In the genealogical approach, which involves the investigation of concepts and categories considered to be natural or ascribed without suspicion, historical investigation is to begin from the present. A journey is made back from the present to the past until a certain break or transformation is attained and hence the present is reached by following the trace of the captured break or transformation. And thus, it will be possible to undergo a historical investigation of the events that will enable the human to know herself, in other words, the events about how a person builds herself as a subject with his thoughts, expressions and deeds. As such, the article aims at comprehending the standing point of Foucault’s thought of genealogy in the feminist historiography, in observing the difference as a certain historical performance that serves some purpose.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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