Özet:

Philosophy, as the study of knowledge, reality and existence to guide behaviour, emerged in different parts of the world at around the same time. Origins of Buddhism, Chinese, Greek and Indian philosophy are traced back to the 300 years beginning in the 8th century BC. These ideas shape the ways people live and think about life’s big issues. Most people do not consciously articulate their philosophical assumptions and probably are unaware of them. However, conventions about the nature of self, ethics, knowledge and life goals are deeply embedded in our cultures to frame thinking and action. How does philosophy contribute to a better world? It is based on careful observation and critical analysis of ideas, concepts and statements, regarding rationality, equality, relativism, social construction, moral truth, justice and religious belief. Questions are epistemological- how secure is social scientific knowledge? Methodological- what ways suit the study of societies? Explanatory- what makes effective social account? & ontological- what assumptions are needed to research the social world? Normative social philosophy is the theory of justice, well-being and liberalism for organized thinking about values, ethics and social arrangements. Therefore, philosophy helps to understand issues that need solving for human progress and Higher Education has an important role here in promoting these powerful ideas to bring better acceptance of diversity.

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