Abstract:

During the last period of the 12,h century and the first decade of the 13'h century the various semi-independent governors of important locations in the westerıı and north-\vestern Anatolia suclı as Philadelphia, the Meandric plateaıı, Sampson and Paplılagonia, cotısidered themselves absolved from loyalty to the Byzaııtine Emperor, since central adnıinistratioıı had collapsed (especially after the ojficial capital had passed into Frankish hands). Most important of these senıi-independent governors were Matıuel Mavrozonıes, Theodore Mangaphas and Sabhas Asedenos. These pretenders caused troııble for central government for a long time by supporting the Seljuks and tıative inhabitants of Anatolia. Eventually Emperor Theodore 1 Lascaris marıaged to subdue these pretenders after the forceful strııggle.

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