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XVIII. yüzyıl Avrupası’nda Fransız Devrimi’nin sonucunda ortaya çıkan milliyetçilik olgusu, geçmişi arama adına atılan adımların en önemlileri olan arkeolojik kazıların hız kazanmasına ve özellikle Antik Yunan ve Roma medeniyetlerini ait kültür kalıntıları gün yüzüne çıkarılmasına neden olmuştur. Sanayi Devrimi sonrasında ulaşımdaki gelişmelere paralel olarak düzenlenen Büyük Tur’un etkisiyle de insanlar, medeniyetlerinin yeşerdiği coğrafyaları ziyaret ederek ataları olarak kabul ettikleri Antik Yunan ve Roma medeniyetlerinin kalıntılarını yerinde görme fırsatı bulmuşlardır. Bu gelişmelerin paralelinde XVIII. yüzyılda Avrupalılar, Antik Yunan ve Roma’nın mimarideki gelişmiş biçimlenişlerini, köken aidiyeti olgusuna bağlı olarak tekrar tercih etmeye başlamıştır. Bu uygulamalar yalnızca Avrupa’da değil, yine onların uygulamalarıyla hemen hemen tüm Dünya’ya yayılarak mimarlık ve sanat tarihinde “Neoklasisizm” olarak adlandırdığımız uluslararası bir üslup halini almıştır. XIX. yüzyıla gelindiğinde ise bu ortak miras bazı uluslar tarafından hala ortak değer olarak görülse de herhangi bir milletin kendini diğer milletlerden ayrı ve üstün gösterme çabası paralelinde mimaride geçmişe dönüp, kendi öz şekillenişlerini arama, değerlendirme ve gün yüzüne çıkarma girişimi görülmektedir. Bu durumda da ortaya çıkarılan üslup ait olduğu milletin klasik mimarisinin yeniden ortaya çıkması şeklinde yorumlanabildiği için “Neoklasisizm” isimlendirmesiyle örtüşmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda, ulusalcılık olgusunun XIX. yüzyıl mimarlığına etkisi örneklem seçilen Neogotik, Rundbogenstil, Neomudejar ve I. Ulusal Mimarlık Akımı üzerinden anlatılarak sanat ve mimarlık tarihi alanlarında söz konusu üslupları değerlendirmede göz önünde bulundurulması gereken noktalara değinilmiştir.
The XVIII. The phenomenon of nationalism that emerged as a result of the French Revolution in the century in Europe has led to the acceleration of archaeological excavations, the most important of the steps taken for the search for the past, and the extinction of cultural remains of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. With the influence of the Great Tour, which was held in parallel with the developments in transportation after the Industrial Revolution, people also found the opportunity to see the remains of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, which they recognized as their ancestors, by visiting the geographics in which their civilizations grown. In parallel with the 18th. In the century, Europeans began to re-prefer the advanced formations in the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, depending on the fact of origin. These practices have not only spread in Europe, but with their practices to almost all over the world, and have become an international statue that we call "neoclassicism" in the history of architecture and art. The XIX. When it comes to the century, this common heritage is still seen as a common value by some nations, but in parallel with the effort of any nation to show itself distinct and superior to the other nations, it is seen the attempt to return to the past in architecture, to seek, evaluate, and make their own self-formations face to face. In this case, it is also associated with the name "Neoclassicism" because it can be interpreted in the form of the re-appearance of the classical architecture of the nation to which it belongs. In this context, we are working on the nationalism of the XIX. The influence on the architecture of the century has been shown through the Neogotic, Rundbogenstil, Neomudejar and I. National Architecture Stream, which has been selected as a sample, to the points that should be taken into account in the assessment of the respective structures in the fields of art and architecture history.
The phenomenon of nationalism, which emerged as a result of the French Revolution in 18th century Europe, led to the acceleration of archaeological excavations, which is the most important step in the search for the past, and the unearthing cultural remains of Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. With the effect of the Grand Tour, which was organized in parallel with the developments in transportation after the Industrial Revolution, people had the opportunity to visit the geographies where their civilizations flourished and see the remains of Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, which they regarded as their ancestors. In parallel with these developments, in the 18th century, Europeans began to prefer the advanced forms of Ancient Greece and Rome in architecture, depending on the fact of belonging to the origin. These practices have become an international style called "Neoclassicism" in the history of architecture and art, spreading not only in Europe, but also almost all over the world with the practices of Europeans. In the 18th century, although this common heritage was still seen as a common value by some nations, in parallel with the effort of any nation to show itself as separate and superior to other nations, an attempt to go back to the past in architecture, to seek, evaluate and reveal its own self-formation is seen. In this case, the revealed style coincides with the nomenclature of "Neoclassicism", as it can be interpreted as the re-emergence of the classical architecture of the nation to which it belongs. In this context, in our study, the effects of the phenomenon of nationalism on 19th century architecture are explained through the selected examples of Neogothic, Rundbogenstil, Neomudejar and the I. National Architecture Movement, and the points that should be considered in the evaluation of the mentioned styles in the fields of art and architectural history are mentioned.
Alan : Filoloji; Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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