Abstract:

The Ottoman State was withdrawn by the Mondros Treaty, which was signed on October 30, 1918 as a defeated state from World War I. Immediately after that, the territories of the Ottoman State began to be occupied by the opposition states (England, France, Italy and Greece), which were the victories of the war. The Ottoman State, which has distributed the armies according to the war, has been formed by the indigenous peoples by militia units because it cannot resist these occupations. These troops, called the Kuwa-i Millions, significant successes against the occupations, but after the opening of the Great National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) in 1920, a regular army was needed to end the Greek occupation in Anatolia and to a liberation in a covetable way. Many of the military institutions have been trained for those who will be taken into the army during the period of transition to the regular army initiated by this occasion. One of these institutions is Zabitan Mekteb, which has been active in Ankara after the occupation of Istanbul.

Abstract:

Ottoman State withdrew from World War I as the defeated state with the Mondros Armistice Agreement signed on 30 October, 1918. Following that, the lands of the Ottoman state were invaded by the allied powers of the war such as England, France and Italy. Ottoman State, whose armies had been abolished in accordance with the Mondros Agreement, could not fight against these invasions and thus civilian militia troops were formed. Called Kuva-yı Milliye, these militia troops had remarkable success against the invasions; however, with the opening of the Great National Assembly of Turkey in 1920, a regular army was needed to end Greek invasion in Anatolia and have a decisive victory in the way towards independence. In the process of the formation of regular army, military education was given to soldiers who were supposed to serve in the army in various schools. One of such educational institutions is Zabitan Mektebi, which began to be run in Ankara right after the invasion of Istanbul.     This study is intended to examine the conferences given in Zabitan Mektebi in 1921 within the educational programme of military officers. The texts of the conferences were obtained from the Archive of Naval History, a unit of Turkish Admiralty. The mentioned conferences include valuable information about the ideal army organization making references to the armies of England, France, Germany, Austria and Russia. The study also evaluates contributions of these conferences to the formation of regular army in the context of Turkish Military History.

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