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  Citation Number 10
 Views 70
 Downloands 64
Güncel Gelişmeler Işığında Yatırım Yoluyla Türk Vatandaşlığının Kazanılması: Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri
2020
Journal:  
Public and Private International Law Bulletin
Author:  
Abstract:

Günümüzde birçok ülke, belirli esaslar çerçevesinde yatırım yapan yabancılara vatandaşlık vermektedir. Karadağ Yatırımcı Vizesi, Portekiz Altın Vize programı ilk başta akla gelen uygulamalardır. Son zamanlarda Türkiye de yatırımın kapsam ve şartlarını daraltmak suretiyle tartışmalı da olsa yatırım yoluyla vatandaşlığı kolaylaştırmıştır. Ancak bu kolaylaştırma, beraberinde birtakım tartışmaları da getirmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle vatandaşlık kavramı ile Türk vatandaşlığının kazanılması yolları incelenmiş, özellikle de istisnai yolla Türk vatandaşlığının kazanılması imkanı ele alınmıştır. Bir istisnai kazanım yolu olan yatırım yoluyla vatandaşlık süreci ve imkanı ayrıca ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda Cumhurbaşkanı kararlarıyla değişikliğe uğramış Türk Vatandaşlığı Kanununun Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik’teki yatırım kalemleri incelenmiştir. Hukuki inceleme yapılırken, yatırım yoluyla vatandaşlık kazanmanın sosyal ve ekonomik etkileri de ayrıca incelenmiştir. Piyasaların dayatması sonucu geliştirilen yumuşak kıstaslarla vatandaşlığın tanınması, vatandaşlığın tanımı ile örtüşmeyen bazı sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Yatırım yoluyla vatandaşlık imkanına, karşılaştırmalı hukukta getirilen “vatandaşlığın metalaştırılması” gibi eleştirilerin haklılığı ile gerekçeleri tartışılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı hukukta yabancı yatırımcıların istisnai yolla vatandaşlık kazanmasına izin veren ülkelerde, asgari yatırım eşiklerini yükseltme ve usulü daha da zorlaştırmaya dönük bir eğilim olduğu bu çalışmada ortaya konmaktadır. Bu eğilimin temel gerekçelerinden biri de başta cazip bir yatırım olarak öngörülen bu imkânın zaman içerisinde çeşitli hukuki, sosyal, kültürel ve politik problemlere sebebiyet verdiğinin tespit edilmesi sonucu devletlerin harekete geçmeleridir. Bu çalışmada, dünyadaki uygulamalar da dikkate alınarak Türk hukukundaki düzenlemeler ele alınmış ve düzenlemeye yönelik eleştiriler ile bu uygulamadan beklenen yararlar detaylıca ele alınmıştır. Sonuç itibariyle Türk vatandaşlığının da özünden uzaklaşmadan hak ettiği değere kavuşması için atılması gereken adımlar da öneriler olarak belirtilmiştir.

Keywords:

Acquisition of Turkish Citizenship through Investment in the Light of Current Developments: Problems and Solutions
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Today, many countries give citizenship to foreigners investing under certain principles. The Black Sea Investor Visa, the Golden Visa Program for Portugal, is the first application to be understood. Recently, Turkey has made it easier for citizenship through investment, although it is controversial to reduce the scope and conditions of investment. But it has made it easy for them to discuss. The study first examined the concept of citizenship and the ways to obtain Turkish citizenship, especially the possibility of obtain Turkish citizenship in exceptional ways. The process and possibility of citizenship through investment, which is an exceptional way of earnings, has also been addressed. In this context, the investment pen in the Regulation on the Enforcement of the Turkish Citizenship Act, which was amended by the President's decisions, has been examined. While the legal examination was carried out, the social and economic effects of obtaining citizenship through investment were also studied. The recognition of citizenship with the soft cuts developed as a result of the imposition of markets generates some consequences that do not match the definition of citizenship. The reasons for the possibility of citizenship through investment, the “metalization of citizenship” brought in comparative law, were discussed with the legitimacy of criticisms. The comparative law shows that in countries that allow foreign investors to gain citizenship in exceptional ways, there is a tendency to raise minimum investment limits and to make the procedure even more difficult. One of the main reasons for this trend is that the states are taking action as a result of the discovery that this possibility, which is primarily an attractive investment, has caused a variety of legal, social, cultural and political problems over time. In this study, the practices in the world also considered the regulations in Turkish law and the criticism of the regulation and the benefits expected from this practice were detailed. As a result, the steps that must be taken to the value the Turkish citizenship deserves without being removed from its essence are also indicated as recommendations.

Keywords:

Obtaining Turkish Citizenship By Investment: Problems and Solut
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

In today’s world, many countries provide investors with citizenships when investments are made in certain amount and on pre-determined conditions. Montenegro Investment Visa, Portuguese Golden Visa are just a few examples for citizenship by investments. Recent developments in the Turkish Citizenship Law have made it easier to obtain Turkish citizenship through investment. However, such facilitation has created some disputes as well. This study first examines definition of citizenship and ways to obtain citizenship under the Turkish law. The Regulation on Application of the Turkish Citizenship Law which is recently amended by multiple presidency decrees has created a more permissive environment to obtain Turkish citizenship. This paper focuses on not only legal but also on social and economic problems encountered in practice regarding citizenship by investment. Obtaining citizenship by investment creates deep impacts on social and economic life in host states. By emphasizing on legal and political aspects of citizenship, this article asserts that citizenship should not be degraded to a commercial commodity since it is much more than that. Such a conclusion will cause citizenship to lose its essence and legal meaning. While regulating procedures to obtain citizenship, states should be careful about “commodification of citizenship” by investment programs. This study establishes that there has been a recent trend of increasing investment limits for providing citizenship to foreigners. From a comparative law point of view, it elaborates on criticism and advantages of obtaining citizenship by investment in details. As a conclusion, this paper also provides solutions for giving the Turkish citizenship the value it deserves while attracting foreign investors simultaneously.

Keywords:

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Public and Private International Law Bulletin

Field :   Hukuk

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 329
Cite : 525
2023 Impact : 0.052
Public and Private International Law Bulletin