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Eski inanışların ve batıl inançların izleri halk edebiyatı ürünlerinde sağlam bir şekilde muhafaza edilmiştir. Halk edebiyatında tarımcılık, hayvancılık, aile inanışları ve ritüelleri ya da animizm ile ilgili birçok bilgi bulunmaktadır. Halk edebiyatına ilişkin bir başka bilgi kaynağını da mitolojik karakterler oluşturmaktadır. Mitolojik karakterlere de masal, rivayet, fıkralar gibi birçok folklorik türlerde rastlanmaktadır. Özellikle bu tür varlıklar “memorat” olarak adlandırılan hikâyelerde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Memorat türünde, genelde mitik anlayış çerçevesinde alt seviyede bulunan demonolojik ve olağanüstü olarak değerlendirilen varlıklar yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Rus halk biliminde kabul edilen “alt” ve “üst” mitoloji kavramları da ele alınmaktadır. Rus dilinde “batıl inançlı memorat” (bıliçka) teriminin yanı sıra, “batıl inançlı fabulat” (bıvalşçina) da mevcuttur. Rus halk biliminde 1915 yılında “Belozersk Bölgesi Masalları ve Şarkıları” (Skazki i pesni Belozerskogo kraya) adlı çalışmasında Boris ve Yurii Sokolov “bılichka” kavramına ilk defa değinmişlerdir. Rus memoratları üzerinde çalışan bilim adamları arasında S. Sadovnikov, N.E. Onçukov, D.K. Zelenin, L.N. Vinogradova, Ye. Ye. Levkiyevskaya, S.M. Tolstaya bilinmektedir. Memorat türünün ya da diğer bir deyişle batıl inançlı hikâyelerin incelenmesi, etnograf, tarihçi ve halk edebiyatçılar için büyük ölçüde önem taşımaktadır.
Traces of ancient beliefs and superstitions have been preserved in the folk literature. Folk literature contains a lot of information about agriculture, animal husbandry, family beliefs and rituals or animism. Mythological characters are also found in many folkloric genres such as fairy tales, legends and tales. Specifically, such assets appear in stories called memorates at. The memorate type includes demonological and extraordinary beings, which are generally found at a lower level within the framework of mythic understanding. In this context, the concepts of "low" and "upper" mythology accepted in Russian folklore are also discussed. In the Russian language "superstitious memorates" (bilichka), as well as the term "superstitious fabulat" (bivalshina) is also available. In Russian folklore in 1915, Boris and Yurii Sokolov first touched on the concept of "bilichka" in his work "Tales and Songs of the Belozersk Region" (Skazki i pesni Belozerskogo kraya). Among the scientists working on Russian memorates are S. Sadovnikov, N.E. Onchukov and D.K. by L.N. of Vinogradova. and ye. ye. Levkiyevskaya, S. M. Tolstaya is known. In the study, the classification, structure, features and various functions of the memory type present in Russian folk literature are examined. In addition, some memoats were translated from Russian into Turkish. The study of the memorat genre is of great importance for ethnographers, historians and folk-writers.
Traces of ancient beliefs and superstitions have been preserved in the folk literature. Folk literature contains a lot of information about agriculture, animal husbandry, family beliefs and rituals or animism. Mythological characters are also found in many folkloric genres such as fairy tales, legends and tales. Specifically, such assets appear in stories called ılan memorates at. The memorate type includes demonological and extraordinary beings, which are generally found at a lower level within the framework of mythic understanding. In this context, the concepts of “lower” and “upper” mythology accepted in Russian folklore are also discussed. In the Russian language "superstitious memorates" (bilichka), as well as the term "superstitious fabulat" (bivalshina) is also available. In Russian folklore in 1915, Boris and Yurii Sokolov first touched on the concept of “bilichka” in his work “Tales and Songs of the Belozersk Region” (Skazki i pesni Belozerskogo kraya). Among the scientists working on Russian memorates are S. Sadovnikov, N.E. Onchukov, D.K. Zelenin, L.N. Vinogradova,. Ye.Ye. Levkiyevskaya, S. M. Tolstaya is known. In the study, the classification, structure, features and various functions of the memorat type present in Russian folk literature are examined. In addition, some memorats were translated from Russian into Turkish. The study of the memorat genre is of great importance for ethnographers, historians and folk-writers.
Field : Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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