Abstract:

The subject of the study is to analyze the political changes and discussions that have occurred in Brazil over the past 20 years, primarily at the presidency level. One of the most typical examples of democratic authoritization and the rise of the populist right debate from outside Europe has been Brazil, along with the developments in recent years. The wave of change that Brazil has spent from the 2003 Lula da Silva administration to the 2019 Bolsonaro administration symbolizes the different wings of populism’s criticism of democracy. Since 2013, the country has experienced intense political and social crises around issues such as protests, corruption investigations. This controversial process ended with the removal of President Dilma Rousseff from office during the fourth period of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Partido dos Trabalhadores/PT). The argument of the study is that the populist left has experienced a rapid solution to the extent that it cannot support its short-term achievements by corporate transformation. In the example of Brazil, the developments between 2003 and 2015 show that the political balance of the populist left has been lost. The conservation of central politics can be said that it has become quite difficult in liberal democratic systems and that therefore the radical politics has gone up. The study will first analyze the rise process of PT, the critical developments in the presidency period of the winning party candidates Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff, and then the rise of Bolsonaro in office in early 2019. In Brazil, through the fast transition from left to right, on the one hand, there will be a thesis that in liberal democracies the central policy is significantly broken down and that the procedural dimension that democracies hold along with elections is not sufficient to democratize the system. The aim of the work in this framework is to show how populist politics can lead to sharp transformations to overcome the blockade of liberal democracies. In Brazil, the demand for change symbolizes the first 20 years of democratic left/populist-left in the early 2000s, while today it meets the extreme-right/populist-right. The main reason for this sharp change is that the new democratic hegemony that the PT is trying to establish is not able to correctly choose its stakeholders or the divisions that it will make alliances. The bond with the organized social divisions, trade unions and local movements that facilitated the rise of the PT has been broken and the central right and elite have been given more consensus to stay in power. Against the system-controlling elites, the goal of the left-wing populism to expand democracy and spread it to the foundation has encountered resistance at a certain point. The desire of the upward right-wing populism in the process of Rousseff’s decay to bring the crisis to social differences and its reaction to the near past have made it possible for an unknown, relatively new and untouched name, such as Bolsonaro, to appear.

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