Abstract:

Introduction: The composition of microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota causes balance and proper functioning necessary to maintain the physiological response of the organism. The imbalance between beneficial symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria determines a dysbiosis. Aim: To identify the role of the intestinal microbiota in different clinical conditions and its relationship with the imbalance of the immune system in triggering inflammation, furthermore, the possibility of such processes being modulated with probiotics supplementation. Materials and Methods: This is a review of the state of the art in which articles were selected from the electronic database Pubmed / Medline. The search for published articles was limited to the last 10 years (2010 to 2020) and the keywords “gastrointestinal microbiome”, “probiotics”, “inflammation” were reported. Results and Discussion: It is possible to observe the possibility of microbiota modulation in prevention and control of innumerable conditions that involve alterations of immunological state and inflammatory imbalance. Probiotics supplementation can be considered a therapeutic strategy to bring benefits to organism, principally when immunity is affected for certain types of diseases. Conclusion: Intestinal dysbiosis can harm the health of its host and culminate in the onset or worsening of some diseases. Beneficial commensal microorganisms must be preserved in quantity and quality to modulate the intestinal microbiome. Different probiotic strains can affect immune cells and decrease inflammation caused by intestinal dysbiosis.

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