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İnsan ve doğa arasındaki mücadele, insanoğlunun gücünü keşfettiğinden beri sürekli artarak devam etmiştir. İnsanoğlu akli gücünü keşfinden sonra doğayı tahrip etmiş ve doğanın tüm olanaklarından yararlanmıştır. Kentleşme sonucu insanın doğa ile savaşı da artmıştır. Kendini doğadan bağımsız gören insan, doğayı sömürülecek bir hammadde seviyesine indirgemiştir. İnsan geçmişten bu yana çevresiyle etkileşim halinde olduğundan yaşadığı çevreyi, zamanın gerekçelerine ve imkânlarına uygun şekilde dönüştürür. Ekoeleştirmenler insan tarafından doğanın bilinçsizce ele geçirilmesini ve hammadde kaynağı olarak sömürülmesini eleştirirler. Çevreye verilen zarar insanlığa verilmiş zarar olarak gören yazarlar bu tahribatı eserlerinde eleştirel bir bağlamda yansıtırlar. Ekoeleştiri de bu eserlerdeki mesajları açığa çıkararak çevreci bir bakış ile yorumlar. Eserlerinde doğayı yoğun bir şekilde işleyen Aytmatov, doğal yaşamın katledilmesiyle insan yaşamının da yok olacağının farkındadır. Aytmatov, eserlerinde zamanın şahidi olarak insanlık duraksamalarımıza karşı bir bilinçlilik halinin görüngüsüdür. O, insanları uyaran bir yazar olarak dünya yok olmasın ve insan kendi sonunu hazırlamasın diye eserleri aracılığıyla insanlığa uyarı yapmıştır. Bu uyarıları ortaya çıkarmak için Aytmatov’un eserleri üzerine yakın okumalar yapmak ve bunları tespit etmek gereklidir. Bizde bu çalışmada, edebiyat ve çevre ilişkisini ortaya çıkaran ekoeleştiri kuramının Cengiz Aytmatov’un Toprak Ana romanında nasıl görüldüğünü irdeleyerek yakın okumalar yaptık. Çalışmada ilk önce ekoeleştirinin ne olduğu, neyin üzerinde durduğu tartışılacaktır. Daha sonra ise romandan hareketle toprak için savaşın insanların hayatlarını nasıl etkilediği ve üzerlerindeki psikolojik etkiye değinilecektir. İnsanların toprak uğruna birbirlerini yok etme pahasına savaşmalarının yanında geride kalan insanlar ise savaşın psikolojik etkisi ile yaşam mücadelesi vermektedirler. Bu yaşam mücadelesi yanında savaşın doğayı nasıl kuraklaştırdığı ve doğayı nasıl yok ettiği üzerinde de durulacaktır.
The struggle between man and nature has continued since it has discovered the power of mankind. After the discovery of the power of the mind, man has destroyed nature and has taken advantage of all the possibilities of nature. As a result of urbanization, the war between man and nature has also increased. The man who sees himself independent of nature has lowered nature to a level of raw material to be exploited. The human being has been in interaction with his surroundings since the past, transforming the environment he lives in accordance with the reasons and possibilities of time. Eco-educators criticize the unconscious capture of nature by humans and its exploitation as a source of raw materials. Writers who see harm to the environment as harm to mankind reflect this destruction in a critical context in their works. The ecologist also explains the messages in these works with an environmental look. Aytmatov, who has worked intensely on nature in his works, is aware that with the murder of natural life, human life will also be destroyed. Aytmatov is a vision of a state of consciousness against our humankind stops as a witness of time in his works. He warned humanity through his works that the world should not disappear as a writer who warns people and that man should not prepare his own end. To reveal these warnings, it is necessary to do close readings on the works of Aytmatov and to identify them. In this study, we read closely how the theory of eco-electricity, which reveals the relationship between literature and the environment, appears in Cengiz Aytmatov's Earth's Main novel. In the study, we will first discuss what the ecology is, what it stands on. The novel will then refer to how the war for the land affects the lives of people and the psychological impact on them. In addition to the people fighting on the expense of destroying each other for the sake of the land, the people left behind are struggling with the psychological impact of the war. In addition to this life struggle, we will focus on how the war drought nature and how it destroyed nature.
The struggle between man and nature has continued increasingly since the discovery of the power of human beings. After the discovery of his mental power, mankind destroyed nature and took advantage of all the possibilities of nature. As a result of urbanization, the war of man with nature has also increased. Seeing himself independent from nature, man has reduced nature to a raw material level to be exploited. Since human beings have been in interaction with their environment since the past, they transform the environment they live in in accordance with the reasons and possibilities of the time. Eco-critics criticize the unconscious capture and exploitation of nature as a source of raw materials by man. The authors, who regard environmental damage as harm to humanity, reflect this destruction in a critical context in their works. Ecocriticism also reveals the messages in these works and interprets them with an environmentalist perspective. Aitmatov, who intensely deals with nature in his works, is aware that human life will also disappear with the slaughter of natural life. Aytmatov, as the witness of time in his works, is the phenomenon of a state of consciousness against our human pauses. As a writer who warns people, he warned humanity through his works so that the world would not be destroyed and man would not prepare for his own end. In order to reveal these warnings, it is necessary to make close readings on Aitmatov's works and to identify them. In this study, we made close readings by examining how the theory of eco-criticism, which reveals the relationship between literature and environment, is seen in Cengiz Aytmatov's novel Toprak Ana. In the study, firstly, what eco-criticism is and what it emphasizes will be discussed. Then, starting from the novel, how the war for land affects people's lives and the psychological effect on them will be discussed. Besides people fighting for the sake of the land at the cost of destroying each other, the people who stay behind are struggling for life with the psychological effect of the war. In addition to this struggle for survival, it will be dwelled on how war drought and destroyed nature.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Güzel Sanatlar; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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