Abstract:

Spontaneous pneumediastinum is a disease based on the presence of free air in the mediastinal cavity, rare, beneficial and self-restrictive. It may occur after a compulsory Valsalva maneuver due to cough, vomiting or asthma inflammation. In the presentation of this fact, we presented a 4-month-old girl with autoimmune hemolithic anemia and lymphopenia, who was deposited in the pediatric intensive care unit due to breathing failure. The suspicious pnömomediastinum image in the lung graph was documented with the lung tomography. The polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal eruptions was positive for respiratory sinsityal virus and human bokavirus. The patient was also checked for immunity deficiency due to lymphopenia. The patient needed the mechanical ventilation support for 26 days. During this time, it was treated with antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal agents and corticosteroids. Due to continued lymphopenia, intravenous immunoglobulin, trimetoprim sulfametoxazole and flukonazole were used for prevention. In patients with immune system under pressure, respiratory diseases can be severe and prolonged. Furthermore, it is beneficial to be cautious because complications such as pnömomediastinum are more common in this group of patients.

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