Özet:

After the end of the Kingdom Period in Rome, it was brought to the agenda to take steps to eliminate the inequality between classes. At the beginning of the Republican Period, it was tried to be treated equally in this regard, but over time, this situation started to turn in favor of the noble class. Especially with the defeat of Carthage in the 2nd century BC and the spread of Rome in the Mediterranean basin, the balance between classes deteriorated and disproportions in income distribution occurred. With the defeat of Carthage, Rome switched to large plantation holdings (Latifundia) in agriculture as a result of its expansion first in Sicilia and Hispania and then in Africa. Although these enterprises provided great gains for the nobles who had capital, they created an uncompetitive environment for the lower class who cultivated small lands. On the other hand, as a result of this enlargement process, Roman politics and administration began to deteriorate with the increasing level of prosperity. This situation, which also showed its effect in politics, basically divided Rome into two groups of thought as populares and optimates. The land reforms of the Gracchi for the benefit of the lower class deepened the struggles between these two poles and turned them into destructive conflicts. This distinction continued in the periods of Marius and then Sulla, and as a result, a series of struggles that would turn into a civil war emerged. The peak of this civil war was the march of Sulla to Rome with his army, with an unprecedented move in the history of the country, and the opening of the door to a new era. Rome's generals no longer fought for the Republic, but for themselves.

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