Özet:

Islam has made important warnings for people to avoid lying. The Qurʼān describes lying as a characteristic of disbelievers and hypocrites. These groups are characterized as liars because they deny God, His prophets, the Last Day, and the signs of God. The Prophet was known for his truthfulness before his prophethood, and after his prophetic mission, he made special efforts to ensure that believers avoid lying in all areas of life. It is possible to see the Prophet's sensitivity on the subject in the narrations reflected in the ḥadīth books. These narrations expressed effective warnings in all dimensions of individual and social life to give reasonable and permanent reactions against lying and aimed to transform the avoidance of lying into a functional reflex. One of the important warnings of Rasūl Allāh about lying is the ḥadīth "Man Kadhaba ‘Alayya…" In this narration, the Messenger of Allāh said, "Whoever knowingly attributes a false word to me, let him prepare his place in Hell". The Prophet's warning to those who lie in his name is not the same as his warning to those who act contrary to divine commands in different areas of individual and social life. Disobeying the principles of the law-making will and trying to set rules by putting oneself in the place of the law-maker are two different things. This has led to an increase in the impact of the warning "Man kadhaba ‘Alayya..." This ḥadīth, narrated by more than sixty Companions with a large number of sanad, is an important narration that has been the subject of scholarly studies. This ḥadīth, which was narrated to keep the narrators under control and to increase the accuracy of the news in a society where the oral tradition was dominant and narration from the Prophet was popular, had important effects on the culture of narration. The theme of this narration, which expresses a severe sanction for making false statements in the name of the Messenger of Allāh, is not only the punishment of hell but also the fear of being a liar. By combining the sensitivity of the believers against lying with the threat of hell, the Prophet imposed a responsibility on the narrators who narrated in times and places far away from him and aimed to create a conscientious control mechanism. The attitude of the Companions towards this narration and their attitude towards the subject is extremely important for the science of ḥadīth. What is the effect of this warning expressed by the Prophet at different times and places on the Companions? Who were the narrators of the period? Is it possible to see the responsibility that this warning forms the basis for the narrations? It is possible to determine the effect of this ḥadīth on the Companions by revealing the reflex of Islam against lying. This study aims to see the effect of the ḥadīth "Man Kadhaba ‘Alayya…" on the Companions by considering the phenomenon of lying in terms of the Qurʼān and ḥadīths. The sphere of influence of such a narration can be considered from a very wide framework. However, in this study, based on more concrete data, the narrations in which the Companions expressed that they took this warning into consideration as a reflection of the state of mind they experienced during the narration were identified and general evaluations were made on the subject. Accordingly, the Companions considered the ḥadīth "Man Kadhaba ‘Alayya…" and acted with a certain responsibility. A total of 19 Companions were found to have considered this ḥadīth while narrating from the Prophet. Among these names are three of the four caliphs. Abū Hurayrah, Abū Saʻīd al-Khudrī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAmr and Anas ibn Mālik, who made significant contributions to the formation of the ḥadīth corpus we have by transmitting a large number of ḥadīths, are also among these names. The deterrent elements expressed in the ḥadīth "Man Kadhaba ‘Alayya…"have led to results such as meticulous narration, reacting to sloppy narration activities, and narrating less. However, in more than half of the narrations in which the sensitivity on the subject was expressed, it was seen that this warning was in a dimension that supported and encouraged the narration of ḥadīth. Especially in critical situations where there are accusations such as being wrong in narration and lying, the Companions, who wanted to create confidence in the accuracy of the information expressed, showed that they were aware of what they were saying and that they were not lying by expressing this narration. In that case the warning "Man Kadhaba ‘Alayya…" enabled the transmission of ḥadīth as a verifying factor.

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