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Dünya genelinde meydana gelen büyük şiddetli depremler; çok sayıdaki binaların hasar görmesine neden olmuş, can ve mal kaybına yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle ileride meydana gelmesi muhtemel yeni depremlere karşı hasarlı ve kusurlu üretilmiş binaların onarım ve güçlendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu konuyla ilgili araştırmacılar tarafından farklı güçlendirme teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Literatürde; yığma yapıların taşıyıcı duvarlarda farklı malzemeler (FRP şeritler, karbon lifli kumaş, delikli sac ve genişletilmiş çelik levha vs) ile güçlendirilmesi üzerine farklı yöntemler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Ancak, bu yöntemlerin birçoğunun maliyetlerinin çok yüksek olması, zaman alıcı ve zahmetli olması ve uygulama esnasında yapının tahliye edilmesi gibi olumsuz durumlar da söz konusu olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; araştırma konusu olan yığma yapılar için düşey delikli blok tuğla duvarlarının güçlendirilmesi amacıyla yerli üretim, ucuz ve sünekliği artıran genişletilmiş çelik levhaların kullanılması öngörülmüştür. Bu malzeme yığma blok duvarın ön ve arka yüzüne ankrajlanarak uygulanması ile gerçekleştirilmektedir ve seri olarak uygulanabilmesi ile yığma yapının tahliyesine gerek kalmadan güçlendirilmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; bir adet referans, 4 adet güçlendirilmiş eleman olmak üzere toplam 5 adet deney elemanı hazırlanmıştır. Numuneler, düşey diyagonal olarak tekdüze basınç yükleri altında test edilmiştir. Mevcut tuğla duvarlarının iki yüzüne genişletilmiş çelik levhalar eklenmiş ve bu levhalar duvarın iki tarafından bulonlar ile bağlanarak duvar elemanları güçlendirilmiştir. Düşey delikli blok tuğla duvarı deney elemanlarına uygulanan bulon aralıkları deney değişkeni olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan deneylerin sonucunda, elemanların yük taşıma kapasitesinin, dayanımının, sünekliğinin ve rijitliğinin arttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca deney elamanlarının deney sonuna kadar bütünlüklerini korudukları tespit edilmiştir.
The massive earthquakes all over the world have caused many buildings to be damaged, resulting in the loss of lives and property. Therefore, it is important to repair and strengthen damaged and defective buildings against possible new earthquakes that will occur in the future. Different enhancement techniques have been developed by researchers on this subject. In literature; accumulation structures are focused on different methods of strengthening with different materials in the carrier walls (FRP bars, carbon fiber tissue, hole sack and extended steel sheet, etc.). However, the cost of many of these methods can also be very high, time-consuming and difficult, and negative conditions such as the discharge of the structure during application. In this study, the use of extended steel sheets for domestic production, cheaper and increasing smoothness, for the purpose of strengthening the block hole rubber walls for the accumulation structures that are the subject of the research, was forecast. This material accumulation block is performed by the application by anchoring the front and rear walls, and it can be applied as a series and it can be reinforced without the need for the discharge of the accumulation structure. In this study, a single reference, a total of 5 experimental elements, including 4 enhanced elements, were prepared. The samples have been tested under single pressure loads in diagonal. Extended steel sheets have been added to the two faces of the existing rubber walls and these sheets have been strengthened by the wall elements by connecting the two walls with bulons. The bulon intervals applied to the experimental elements of the rubber block hole wall are determined as the experimental variable. As a result of the experiments, it has been shown that the elements have increased their capacity to carry cargo, their resistance, their snorkeling, and their rigidity. It is also found that the experimental elements retained their integrity until the end of the experiment.
The earthquakes that have occurred in the past caused significant damages to numerous structures around the globe, which resulted in huge economic losses and took many lives. Therefore, in order to reduce the damages of structures exposed to a likely earthquake in the future, the damaged buildings, as well as those structures built with low standard, are required to be retrofitted and repaired. In this respect, different retrofitting techniques have been developed in the literature. For what concern the retrofitting and strengthening of the masonry walls, different materials (fibrous polymer strips, carbon fiber fabric, perforated sheet and expanded steel plate etc.) was considered using different methods. However, most of the available methods require too much time and their application is too costly, also during the strengthening process, the evacuation of the buildings is mandatory which makes them less practical. In this study, it is intended to imply more economical and practical method for strengthening infill was using externally-connected expanded steel plates. In this method, the retrofitting process is fulfilled by tying the infill walls from outside therefore the evacuation of the structures is not required. The investigation is conducted by considering a total of five test specimens, where one of them is used as a reference and the other 4 are strengthened. The constructed specimens are then tested under monotonic diagonal loading. The retrofitting process simply began by attaching the expanded steel plates to both sides of the existing infill walls and these plates are then bolted to each other from both sides. It worth mentioning that the distance between the bolts is designated as the test variable. As a result, it was observed that the strengthened masonry walls with expanded steel plates behave as a composite material until the bolts reached their yielding capacities. In addition, the retrofitted specimens maintained their integrity up to the end of the experiment and their load bearing capacities were increased. Furthermore, mechanical properties of strengthened masonry walls such as their rigidity, ductility and energy dissipation was increased significantly and accordingly their behavior have been affected positively.
Alan : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Mühendislik
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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