Özet:

This paper briefly tries to deal with that evil has an objective reality in universe on the one hand, and the analysises and evaluations of the classical Muslim theologians about natural and ethical evils on the other. All the Muslim theologians unamiously agree that natural evils and pains proceeds from actions of God. They had put forward different opinions in the direction of solving the problem. According to Mu?tazilah, God creates natural evils and sufferings, not to punish His servants,but to adminish them. Ash?arites had hold that God does whatever He wills in His dominion and pains inflicted by God on his servants are good and just on behalf of Him. On the contrary, Mâturîdite     theologians had maintained that there are numerous wisdoms and benefits in actions of God. Sunnite theologians had solved the problems of ethical evils on the human level in the light of the concept acquisition (kasb). It appears that Mu?tazilah and in part Mâturîdite theologians put forward more effective solutios about prevention and elimination of ethical evils in social life. But opinions of Ash?arites come closer to doctrines of Jabriyya in this issue, and they attribute ethical evils to creation of God.

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