Abstract:

The increased demand for labour with the industrial revolution has led the modern state to move and to become a circular control mechanism to control the population. This device, which aims to spread to society from the streets to the worst corners of the country, used the streets, prisons, factories and schools as a laboratory, and the people as data. This has also led to a change in the perception of the person being punished by methods such as torture. Thus, the individual will not be held in unfunctional institutions such as a prison, and will be punished in a way that modern, programmed and labour potential as a prison can be assessed. The Tanzimat period also indicates a process in which significant transformations are occurring for the Ottoman State in this context. One of the major developments of this process is the XIX. Since the century, the state has been legally supporting the criminal mechanism, the laws it has issued, and then establishing modern courts and prosecutor's institutions. Nevertheless, the prisons that the state has used for punishing criminals since the classic times, torture rooms have also turned its place to modern prisons and prisons. In this study, we will briefly refer to the process of change of prisons and legal reforms in the Ottoman State, from classical times to modern times. The main point of the study will be the situation of Beyoğlu Galatasaray Tevkifhanis in 1919, the flight cases and the problems created by the organic neighborhood link formed with Mekteb-i Sultani.

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Abstract:

After Industrial revolution, labor power has been increased dramatically and the governments have worked on the population issue. Places peopled in the whole country was like the laboratory for them to access data related to people and their circumstances, to comprehend the nature of human behaviors. Therefore, the progress caused a paradigm shift for most particularly administrative mentality. In the meantime, factories, prisons, schools fabricated the political discourse for capital and governments with the new political- administrative tendency. In Western Europe, as one of these institutions, prisons as well as the punishment system applied there were reversed and restructured for controlling the population. In the Tanzimat Era, Ottoman bureaucracy like many other countries applied the prison reformation. Subsequently, dungeons with working on torture were overturned to modern prison in Ottoman Empire. The modern prison and punishment system of Western Europe have similarly been tried to copy to the empire. This study aims to explain how to work the prisons in the pre-modern period and the transformations during the Tanzimat Era in the Ottoman Empire. Thereafter, it focuses on the history of Beyoğlu Prison which is located nearby Galatasaray High School. Depending on the Ottoman Archives, in 1919, the prison break narratives in the prison and the vivid neighborhood with the school will be discussed as well.