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  Citation Number 26
 Views 42
 Downloands 10
SİYASETTE CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİĞİ
2019
Journal:  
The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

Bu makalede kadınlara yönelik cinsiyet eşitsizliği siyaset perspektifinden değerlendirilmiştir. Kadınların toplumsal ve sosyal hayatın hemen hemen her alanında ikincil pozisyonda olmaları, siyasi arenada da yetersiz temsil edilmeleri sonucunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Demokrasinin gereklerinden biri olan eşit temsil ve katılımın yaşama geçirilememesi, bir kadın erkek eşitsizliği sorunu olmasının ötesinde, aynı zamanda bir demokrasi sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Karar alma süreçlerinde nüfusun yarısının temsil edilmemesi, alınan kararların demokratik ve çoğulcu bir anlayışta olmadığının göstergesidir. Bu bakımdan hem demokratik yaşamın güçlendirilmesi hem de cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizliklerin kaldırılmasında daha etkin olunabilmesi için kadınların siyasette eşit oranda veya kritik eşik olarak kabul edilen oranlarda yer almaları gerekmektedir. Günümüzde birçok alanda çalışma koşulları açısından iyileştirmeler yapılsa da nüfusun %50’sini oluşturan kadınların siyasette temsili türlü nedenlerle yeterli olmamaktadır. Çeşitli araştırmalarda kadın temsillerinin yeterli olmaması, pek çok nedene dayandırılmış olmasına rağmen asıl neden erkek egemen toplumların ataerkil yapısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Dünya Ekonomik Forumu (WEF) tarafından her yıl açıklanan Küresel Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Raporu'nun 2018 yılındaki açıklaması, siyaset, ekonomi ve eğitim gibi alanlarda kadın haklarının durumuna ilişkin tablo, eşitsizliği açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Rapora göre, araştırmanın yapıldığı 149 ülkenin 88'inde maaş ve siyasi temsildeki eşitsizliğin giderilmesi gibi konularda ilerleme kaydedildiği ortaya atılmış olmasına karşın, cinsiyet eşitsizliğine dair genel görünüm olumsuzluğunu korumaktadır. Raporda, her alanda küresel cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin giderilmesinin 100 yıldan uzun zaman alacağı belirtilmekte ve bazı belli başlı durumlarla kıyaslandığında aslında 100 yıl oldukça iyimser bir zaman tahmini olarak kalmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise; 2015 yılında kabul edilen Siyasal Partiler Yasası ile siyasal yaşamımıza katılmış olan en önemli değişikliklerden biri de partilerin hem genel hem de yerel seçim adaylarını belirlerken her cinsiyetten kritik eşik kabul edilen en az %30 aday belirlemeleri gerekliliğini ortaya koyan maddelerdir. Cinsiyet kotası olarak adlandırılan bu uygulama, ülkemizde çeşitli siyasi partiler ya da örgütler tarafından tüzükleri gereği veya gönüllülük esasına dayalı uygulanmış olmakla birlikte bu şekilde bir yasal zorunluluk haline yakın geçmişte gelmiştir. Ancak uygulamaya bakıldığında, kritik eşik şartlarının yerine getirilmediğini, kadınların temsil oranlarının düşük düzeylerde kaldığı görülmektedir.

Keywords:

The sexuality in the law
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

In this article, gender inequality is assessed from a political perspective. The result was that women were in the secondary position in almost every field of social and social life, and that they were inadequately represented in the political arena. The failure to live equal representation and participation, which is one of the demands of democracy, beyond the fact that a woman is a problem of male inequality, also comes to us as a problem of democracy. The lack of representation of the half of the population in the decision-making process is a sign that the decisions taken are not in a democratic and multilateral understanding. In this regard, women should be included in politics at a level equal or critical levels in order to strengthen democratic life and to be more effective in eliminating gender-based inequalities. Today, many areas have improved working conditions, but women, which make up 50% of the population, are not sufficient for political reasons. The fact that women’s representations are not sufficient in various studies, although they are based on many reasons, the main reason is the atherical structure of men’s dominant societies. The World Economic Forum (WEF)’s 2018 Global Gender inequality report, which shows the status of women’s rights in the fields such as politics, economy and education, clearly reveals inequality. According to the report, although the study found progress in matters such as elimination of wage and political inequality in 88 of the 149 countries in which the study was carried out, the general view of gender inequality remains negative. The report states that the elimination of global gender inequality in every area will take more than 100 years, and in comparison with some major situations, 100 years are actually a very optimistic time forecast. In Turkey, one of the most important changes that took part in our political life with the Political Party Act adopted in 2015 is that the parties need to identify at least 30% of the candidates that are considered critical for each gender while determining both general and local election candidates. This practice, called the gender quota, has been implemented by various political parties or organizations in our country on the basis of their regulations or on the basis of the principle of volunteering, but has become a legal obligation in the near past. But when it comes to practice, it appears that critical marginal conditions are not met, that women’s representative rates remain at low levels.

Keywords:

Gender Inequality Politics
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

In this article, gender inequality against women has been discussed from a political perspective. Insufficient representation of women in the political arena has been brought about by the fact that women are secondary almost in all parts of social life. Not being able to realize equal representation and participation, which is a requirement of true democracy, causes not only an inequality between men and women but also a fundamental problem of democracy. The non-representation of half the population in the decision-making process demonstrates that the decisions made are neither pluralistic nor democratic. Thus, women need to be represented equally or at least above critical thresholds in the political stage, in order to strengthen the democratic life and to put an end to gender inequality. Regardless of some improvements in the conditions of work, representation of women in politics, who make up half the population, is not enough for various reasons. Even though several studies have concluded that the problem of underrepresentation is due to many factors, the true cause can be said to be the patriarchal structure in the male-dominated societies. The most recent Global Gender Inequality Report, published annually by World Economic Forum (WEF), clearly demonstrates the graveness of inequality with a table showing the women's rights in areas like politics, economy and education. According to the report, even though 88 countries from 149 in which the study was conducted has shown progress in salaries and equality at political representation, the overall situation is still haunting in gender inequality. The report adds that it would take more than a century to solve gender inequality on a global scale, and a hundred years seems optimistic in some areas. A requirement to meet a 30% threshold in general and local elections for both genders has been implemented by the new Political Parties Act (2015) in Turkey. This so-called gender quota system has been effectuated either voluntarily or through the internal constitution of the political parties and organizations therefore becoming a recent legal requirement. However, when the application of this requirement is closely examined, it can be seen that the critical thresholds are not met and therefore representation of women are still too low.

Keywords:

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The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies