Abstract:

The rising penetration of renewable energy sources into the power system has necessitated the transformation of the conventional power system fromgeneration, transmission and distribution' to ‘Localized generation, on-site storage and distribution integrated with multi-site communication and transmission'. The change in load type from incandescent lamps and induction motors to digital (electronic) systems requires robust control algorithms to ensure better power quality, mitigate system cost and manage energy effectively. This paper attempts to overview the evolution of the power system from its inception to date and presents the emerging trends for cost and energy-efficient smart grid systems. The benefits of smart-grids and various approaches by different countries to reduce carbon emissions and promote intelligent power systems have been analyzed. The technical advancements in the conventional power system architecture at the communication level and power level have been discussed in detail, along with the microgrid types and deployed energy management strategies. In the last section, a summary of emerging trends in the nested / multi-microgrid systems collated from various projects going on across the globe and their implications on cost and battery reductions for widespread deployment is presented.

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