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İlk defa 1516 yılında Sir Thomas More tarafından kullanılan ütopya sözcüğü “bütünüyle akıl yoluyla yönetilen ortak mülkiyete dayalı kent devleti, hiçbir yerde bulunmayan yer, var olmayan varlık, gerçekdışı gerçeklik, nostaljik bir başka yer olarak” tanımlanır. Thomas More’un Britanya adasında düşleyeceği hiçbir yerde olmayan, bir başka deyişle hayal ürünü olan anlamındaki ütopya’nın ilk örneği Platon’un Devlet’idir. Ütopyaların niteliklerine göre çok katmanlı bir yapıda olmaları beraberinde olumlu olabildiği gibi, bu olumlamaya karşı fikirler de barındırmasını kapsar. Bu karşı fikirler, “distopya” olarak adlandırılır. Distopyaların 19.yy sonu ile 20.yy başında ortaya çıktığı söylenebilir. Başlangıçta hayâl ürünü olan ütopyalar, bilim ve sanatın gelişmesiyle gerçeklik zeminine taşınır. Birçok edebi eser ve sinema filmine ilham veren ütopik ve distopik mekândan söz etmek mümkündür. Roman ve sinemada olduğu gibi tiyatroda da ütopya ve distopya kavramından söz edilebilir. Oyunlarında ütopik mekânlar ve sıradışı mimariyi kullanan yazarların başında Turgay Nar gelir. Yapıtlarında ilk bakışta tuhaf, tekinsiz, sıra dışı bir atmosfer sergileyen Nar, bu yönüyle çözümlenmesi yoğun çaba, kültürel altyapı ve özel okuma gerektiren bir yazardır. En karmaşık toplumsal ve felsefi kavramları bile lirik bir şiirsellik içinde, sıklıkla grotesk, gotik ve gerçeküstücü unsurlara da başvurarak, özgün metafor ve imgelerle anlatması onun oyunlarının en temel özelliğidir. Bu çalışmada Turgay Nar’ın oyunlarında öne çıkan ütopik mekânlar ve sıradışı mimari üzerinde durulacaktır.
For the first time in 1516, the utopian word used by Sir Thomas More was defined as "a city state based on common property, a place that is not anywhere, an existence that does not exist, an unreal reality, a nostalgic other place." The first example of the utopia in the sense that Thomas More has no place to dream of on the British island, in other words, a fictional product, is the State of Platon. As the utopies can be positive in a multi-layer structure according to their qualities, it also includes the idea of hosting this optimization. These opposite ideas are called “distopia”. It can be said that distopies occurred at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The utopies, which were originally a fictional product, moved to the ground of reality with the development of science and art. It is possible to talk about the utopian and dystopian spaces that inspire many literary works and films. As in the novel and cinema, the theatre can also speak of the concept of utopia and dystopia. Turgay Nar comes to the head of the writers who use utopian spaces and unusual architecture in their games. Nar, who at first glance shows a strange, unusual, unusual atmosphere in his works, is a writer who requires intensive effort, cultural infrastructure and special reading to resolve in this direction. Even the most complex social and philosophical concepts in a lyrical poetry, often referring to grotesque, gotic and suprealistic elements, are the most fundamental characteristic of its games, describing them with original metaphors and images. This study will focus on utopian spaces and unusual architecture that stand out in Turgay Nar's games.
The word utopia, which was first used by Sir Thomas More is defined as “a city-state based on common ownership, ruled entirely by reason, a place that is not found anywhere, a being that does not exist, an unreal reality, a nostalgic place”. The first example of utopia that Thomas More would imagine nowhere on the island of Britain, in other words, the product of imagination, is Plato's State. Utopias, based on their characteristics, can be multi-layered and positive as well as including counter-views. These counter-views are called “dystopia. Dystopias emerged at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The utopias, which were initially imaginary, have reached the ground of reality with the advancement of science and art. Utopian and dystopic spaces inspired many literary works and cinema films. The concept of utopia and dystopia can be found in theatre as in novels and cinema. Turgay Nar is among the prominent authors of utopian spaces and unusual architecture. At first glance, Nar exhibits a strange, uncanny and unusual atmosphere in his works. In this respect, Nar’s works require a lot of effort, cultural background, and special reading. The most characteristic feature of his plays is that he narrates even the most complex social and philosophical concepts in lyrical poetry, often resorting to grotesque, gothic and surreal elements with the use of original metaphors and images. This study dwells upon utopic places and unusual architecture in Turgay Nar’s plays.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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