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Bu makalede İşrâkî filozof Sühreverdî’nin bilginin mahiyeti, kaynakları ve metodolojisi hakkındaki görüşleri ve Meşşâî düşünceye yönelik eleştirileri irdelenmektedir. Ontolojisini nur metafiziği üzerine kuran Sühreverdî, bilgiyle nur arasında ilişki kurar. Ona göre her şey nurunu ve yetkinliğini Nuru’l-Envâr’dan alır. Nur, aydınlatma özelliğinden dolayı karanlıkta olan her şeyi apaçık yapar. Bilinmeyenin bilgisine ulaşmak için duyular ve aklî çıkarımla başlayan bilme süreci nurlar âlemini aracısız müşâhede ile tamamlanmalıdır. Dolayısıyla bilme, zihnin duyular aracılığıyla tümel kavramlara ulaşmak için gerçekleştirdiği düşünme faaliyeti olmayıp varlıkların ardındaki hakikati bilebilecek yetkinliği kazanma sürecidir. Bu yönüyle filozof, Meşşâî filozofların epistemoloji anlayışlarına karşı çıkar. Sühreverdî onların metodunu bir konu hakkında sonuca ulaşmak için önermeler arası mantıksal bağlar kurma ve kıyasa dayalı akıl yürütme yolu olarak görür. Salt akıl ve duyu aracılığıyla elde edilen bu bilgi eksiktir. Sühreverdî eşyanın hakikatine ulaşmada objeyle aracısız ilişki kurmayı hedefleyen işrâkî bilgi metodolojisini gerekli görür. Ona göre gerçek bilgi akıl ve duyu organlarıyla değil, Tanrı’dan gelen bir nur ve iç aydınlanmaya dayanan sezgiyle elde edilir.
In this article we discuss the opinions of the Philosopher Sürreverdî about the nature, sources and methodology of knowledge and the criticism of the Meşâi thought. The one who establishes his ontology on the pur metaphysics, Sûreverdî, establishes a relationship between knowledge and light. Everything takes its light and power from Nuru'l-Envâr. It makes clear everything that is in the dark because of its lighting character. For the knowledge of the unknown, the process of knowledge which begins with senses and intellectual output must be completed by the light of the world with the unmediate client. Thus, knowledge is the process of gaining the ability to know the truth behind the beings, not the thinking activity that the mind does to reach the holistic concepts through the senses. In this regard, the philosopher is opposed to the concepts of Epistemology by the Meşai philosophers. He sees their method as a way of establishing logical links between the suggestions to reach a conclusion on a subject and the way of conducting the mind based on the law. This information obtained through the Salt mind and sense is missing. In achieving the truth of the subject, it considers necessary the methodology of business knowledge that aims to establish an unmediate relationship with the object. According to him, true knowledge is obtained not by the organs of mind and sense, but by a light from God and intuition based on inner enlightenment.
This article examines the views of the Ishrāqī philosopher al-Suhrawardī on the nature, sources and methodology of knowledge and his criticisms of Peripatetic (Mashshāī) thought. al-Suhrawardī, who built his ontology on light metaphysics, establishes a relationship between knowledge and light. According to him, everything gets its light and competence from Nūr al-Anwār. Due to the lighting feature of the light, it makes everything in the dark obvious. In order to reach the knowledge of the unknown, the process of knowing, which begins with senses and rational inference, must be completed with the unmediated observation of the realm of lights. Therefore, knowing is not the thinking activity that the mind performs to reach universal concepts through the senses, but the process of gaining the competence to know the truth behind beings. In this respect, the philosopher opposes the understanding of the epistemology of Peripatetic philosophers. al-Suhrawardī sees their method as a way of making logical connections between propositions and reasoning based on analogy to reach a conclusion on a subject. This information obtained through pure mind and sense is incomplete. al-Suhrawardī sees the necessity of the Ishrāqī knowledge methodology aiming to establish an unmediated relationship with the object in achieving the truth of the thing. According to him, real knowledge is obtained not with the mind and sense organs, but with an intuition based on light coming from God and inner enlightenment.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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