Özet:

From 330 (AD) to the present, radical cyclical developments occurring in world politics have deeply affected the Balkan Peninsula. Most of the empires sought to control or dominate the Balkan Peninsula. Weak central political establishments were not be able to prevent illegal migration toward the Balkan region or sometimes did not prevent such migration intentionally. Especially weak empires used the immigrant tribes, which posed a threat against their political structures or their areas of imperial domination, against their rivals. Such policies followed by the empires increased hatred and hostility between the ethnic-religious groups. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire created a strong central government in the Balkans. Until the 19th century in the Balkans, there were no serious revolts against the Ottoman rule. Although there was competition between the ethnic and religious groups, no conflict emerged from this competition. On the other hand, the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution deeply affected the Balkan peoples. Those revolutions contributed to the development of the awareness of national identity among the peoples of the Balkans. Balkan peoples launched the struggle to get rid of the Ottoman domination and to establish their own national states. At this stage, the Balkan peoples perceived real threats from the three kinds of actors: the Ottoman Empire, the other empires that extensively followed expansionist foreign policy toward the Balkan region, and ethno-religious groups that settled in the region. The First World War totally caused the collapse of the empires which followed devastating foreign policies toward the Balkan region. In the following phase, a struggle began between the ethnic-religious groups of the region. In the period from the 19th century to the end of the Cold War, each important international event increased ethnic hatred and enmity among the Balkan peoples

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