Özet:

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and is among the most suffering diseases all over the world. Hyperglycemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases by triggering the mechanisms of oxidative stress. Phytotherapy is one of the alternative ways to cope with these diseases. Medicinal, aromatic and wild edible plants have nutraceutically protective effects against various diseases as well as nutritional and dietetic value due to the phytochemicals. Sisymbrium species are among the wild edible plants and traditionally used to treatment of various diseases. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the phenolic components of Sisymbrium altissimum leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, phenolic component was determined in S. altissimum leaf extract (SAE) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, total phenolic and total flavonoid content measurement, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity analyzes were performed to determine the antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic effect of the leaves was measured by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity assay. In the results obtained, it was determined that SAE showed a significant antioxidant activity. It was determined that the most abundant phenolic component in leaves was rutin, also quercetin and protocatechuic acid were the other dominant phenolic components in leaves. On the other hand, it was found that the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of the leaves were lower compared to acarbose. As a result, it can be concluded that S. altissimum can strengthen the antioxidant status with its important phenolic compounds and also prevent nutraceutically postprandial hyperglycemia due to its partial α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities.

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