Özet:

The examples of tile art are one of the rare and special heritages that appear as an element of decoration in many religious and civil structures in Turkish and Islamic lands. The Safavid period, which is one of the important periods of Iran, is full of examples that we can define as the golden age of many art branches, especially miniature and tile art. Safavid tiles, when considered together with tile samples from different geographies, exhibit a unique identity. It owes this originality, especially to painted human figures on tiles. During this period, the art of tiles has experienced great changes in itself. Among the tiles that adorn the interior and exterior spaces of civil buildings such as palaces, mansions, and baths, human depictions reflecting the spirit of the period attract our attention. These decorations have an important place in Safavid tile art in terms of reflecting the socio-cultural and socio-economic characteristics of the period in which they were made. In this respect, tiles with originality have been defined in terms of their iconography and style and tried to be evaluated in terms of Safavid Art. Many arts in the Safavids were influenced by miniature art. Very ostentatious tile decorations reflecting the effects of miniature were also used in tiles. These works consisted of single-leaf miniature pages. The miniaturists, who could no longer rely on the support of the palace, succeeded in being independent by fulfilling the orders of the rich class. However, art-loving patrons began to order single-leaf miniatures, as they could not afford the high cost of manuscripts. Many miniaturists in this field showed their talents in single portraits drawn on single pages. These single-leaf miniatures were later perfected by Rıza Abbasi. Shah Abbas’s interest in single-leaf miniatures and drawings led to important developments in miniature art. These developments were put forward by Nakkaş (miniaturist) Riza Abbasi, who worked in the palace of Shah Abbas I. Shah argued that miniatures could be used in other branches of art by turning them into practical and useful art. For this purpose, he allocated a special atelier to the miniaturists within the palace organization. Thus, it also provided the opportunity to make designs for art branches such as tiles, fabrics, and carpets.  In this article, the effects of Isfahan Miniature School, Nakkaş Riza Abbasi Style, and his students on tile decorations of the 16th and 17th centuries will be discussed. When we examine the effect of miniature on tiles, we see that especially single-leaf miniatures are more effective than other miniatures of manuscripts. These effects are more noticeable on tiles containing human figures. In our research, tiles with human figures and single-leaf miniatures are discussed comparatively. Within the scope of this study, written and visual resources about artists and their works were obtained from digital media and printed works, and various library archives were used.

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