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Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin 26 adet düzey 2 bölgesinde kentleşme, işsizlik ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerini 2007-2018 dönemi için araştırmaktır. Tasarım/Yöntem: Türkiye’de bölgeler düzeyinde kentleşme, işsizlik ve enflasyonun ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmek amacıyla hazırlanın bu çalışmada kesit ve zaman boyutunu birlikte dikkate alan Panel veri ve Fisher Panel nedensellik testileri kullanılarak analizler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmanın Fisher nedensellik testi bulguları, Erzurum, Van, Şanlıurfa, İstanbul, İzmir, Kayseri, Samsun ve Trabzon alt bölgelerinde ekonomik büyümeden işsizliğe doğru tek yönlü; Gaziantep ve Konya alt bölgelerinde işsizlikten ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkilerinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Mardin, Bursa ve Zonguldak alt bölgelerinde ekonomik büyümeden kentleşmeye doğru tek yönlü; İstanbul, Tekirdağ, Aydın, Kocaeli, Kırıkkale ve Kayseri alt bölgelerinde ise kentleşmeden ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkileri gözlemlenmiştir. İstanbul, Hatay, Kayseri ve Zonguldak alt bölgelerinde işsizlikten kentleşmeye doğru tek yönlü; Erzurum, Kocaeli, Kırıkkale ve Trabzon bölgelerinde ise kentleşmeden işsizliğe doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Balıkesir ve Manisa alt bölgelerinde işsizlik ve kentleşme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi çift yönlüdür. Türkiye’nin 26 Düzey 2 bölgesinin genelinde ise kentleşme ve ekonomik büyüme çift yönlü bir etkileşim halindedir. Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmada alt bölge kapsamında farklı gelişmişlik düzeyine sahip illerin bulunması ve alt bölge düzeyinde sonuçların elde edilmesi araştırmanın sınırlılıklarını oluşturmaktadır. Özgünlük/Değer: Literatürde kentleşme, işsizlik ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi birlikte ele alan başka bir çalışma olmaması bu çalışmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.
The aim of this study is to investigate the causal relations between urbanization, unemployment and economic growth in the 26 level 2 regions of Turkey for the period 2007-2018. Design/Method: In order to analyze the impact of urbanization, unemployment and inflation on economic growth at the regional level in Turkey, this study has been analyzed using Panel data and Fisher Panel causality tests that take into account the short and time size together. The findings: The Fisher cause test findings of the study showed that the economic growth in the subregions of Erzurum, Van, Şanlıurfa, Istanbul, İzmir, Kayseri, Samsun and Trabzon is one-way to unemployment; in the subregions of Gaziantep and Konya there are one-way cause relations from unemployment to economic growth. In the sub-regions of Mardin, Bursa and Zonguldak, one-way economic growth towards urbanization; in the sub-regions of Istanbul, Tekirdağ, Aydın, Kocaeli, Kırıkkale and Kayseri, one-way causal relationships towards economic growth from urbanization have been observed. In the sub-regions of Istanbul, Hatay, Kayseri and Zonguldak, one-way causal relationship from unemployment to urbanization has been identified; in the areas of Erzurum, Kocaeli, Kırıkkale and Trabzon, one-way causal relationship from urbanization to unemployment has been identified. The causality relationship between unemployment and urbanization in the subregions of Fishesir and Manisa is double. In the 26 Level 2 region of Turkey, urbanization and economic growth are in a double-direction interaction. Limitations: The discovery of regions with different levels of development within the sub-region and the achievement of results at the sub-region level constitutes the limitations of the research. Originality/Value: The absence of any other study in literature that discusses the relationship between urbanization, unemployment and economic growth together constitutes the original value of this study.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the causality relationship among urbanization, unemployment, and economic growth for the period between 2007 and 2018 in 26 Level 2 regions of Turkey. Design/Methodology: In the model that was created in order to analyze the causality relationship among urbanization, unemployment, and inflation at regional scale in Turkey, also analyses were performed using Panel unit root and Emirmahmutoğlu-Köse (2011) Panel causality tests. Findings: The Emirmahmutoğlu-Köse (2011) Panel causality test results of the study show that there is a unilateral causality relationship from economic growth towards unemployment in Erzurum, Van, Şanlıurfa, İstanbul, İzmir, Kayseri, Samsun, and Trabzon subregions, also that there is a unilateral causality relationship from unemployment towards economic growth in Gaziantep and Konya subregions. It was observed that there is a unilateral causality relationship from economic growth towards urbanisation in Mardin, Bursa, and Zonguldak subregions, also that there is a unilateral causality relationship from urbanisation towards economic growth in Istanbul, Tekirdağ, Aydın, Kocaeli, Kırıkkale, and Kayseri subregions. A unilateral causality relationship was detected from unemployment towards urbanisation in Istanbul, Hatay, Kayseri, and Zonguldak subregions while a unilateral relationship was also detected from urbanisation towards unemployment in Erzurum, Kocaeli, Kırıkkale, and Trabzon regions. The causality relationship between unemployment and urbanisation between Balıkesir and Manisa is bilateral. In the overall 26 Level 2 regions of Turkey, urbanisation and economic growth has a bilateral interaction. Limitations: Limitations of the study can be listed as the fact that there are cities with different development levels within the subregional scale and that the results are obtained at subregional scale. Originality/Value: The fact that there is no other study that assesses urbanisation, unemployment, and economic growth together in the literature sets the authentic value of this study.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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