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1
Su kirliliği küresel bir sorun olup, genellikle insanoğlunun faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Su kaynaklarının kendini yenileyebilme özellikleri olmasına rağmen, kirletme oranı yenilenebilme eşik değerlerini birçok ülke de aşmış durumdadır. Küresel olarak her türlü su kaynakları üzerindeki bu baskı ve kirlenme oranları artarak devam etmektedir. Türkiye’de belediyeler tarafından kanalizasyon şebekesi ile hizmet verilen nüfusun oranı 2020 yılında %91’e ve atık su arıtma tesisiyle hizmet verilen nüfusun oranı ise %78’e ulaşmıştır. 1994 ile 2020 yılları arasındaki dönemde nüfus 1/3 oranında artarken, toplam deşarj edilen atık su miktarı ise 3,29 kat artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de belediyelerin son çeyrek yüzyıldaki döneminin atık su göstergelerinin genel değerlendirilmesinin yapılmasıdır. Çalışmada ikincil veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu veriler eğilim analizlerine tabi tutularak regresyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; atık su arıtma tesislerinin toplam kapasitesi araştırılan dönemde 10,88 kat artarken, kapasite kullanım oranı ise 2,67 kat artarak %68,24’e yükselmiştir. En fazla atık su deşarjı yapılan yer %48,91 ile akarsular olurken, bunu sırasıyla %39,48 oranında denizler, %4,17 ile diğer ortamlar, %3,36 ile barajlar, %2,41 ile göller ve göletler ve %1,67 ile araziler izlemiştir. Yapılan atık su deşarjların %94,16’sı su kaynaklarına yapılmıştır. Araştırılan dönemde (1994-2020) yıllık ortalama deşarj edilen atık su miktarı 164,96 litre-kişi/gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırılan dönemin yıllık ortalama kişi başı günlük su tüketiminin, atık suya dönüşme ortalaması ise %71,13 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre atık su miktarlarında artışlar devam edecektir. Buna bağlı olarak bu atık suların artırılarak yeniden kullanılmasının yaygınlaşması, su kaynakları ve çevre üzerindeki kirlilik baskısını azaltacak ve tatlı su kaynaklarındaki kullanım oranlarını azaltacaktır. Atık suların yeniden kullanımının özendirilmesi için kamusal destek, teşvik ve sübvanselerin arttırılması, ayrıca arıtılmış atık su kullanımını teşvik edecek bir su fiyatlandırması yapılması, alıcı ortamlara yapılan deşarjların kalite ve kirletici içeriği yönünden daha etkin kontrol ve denetime tabi tutulması sorunun çözümüne katkı sunabilecektir.
Water pollution is a global problem and is often caused by human activity. Although water resources have self-renewable characteristics, the pollution rate has exceeded the renewable limit values in many countries. This pressure and pollution on all kinds of water sources continues to increase globally. In Turkey, the proportion of the population served by the municipalities by the sanitation network in 2020 has reached 91% and the proportion of the population served by the wastewater treatment facility has reached 78%. In the period between 1994 and 2020, the population increased by one-third, while the total amount of waste water discharge increased by 3.29 times. The aim of this study is to make a general assessment of the waste water indicators of the last quarter of the century of the municipalities in Turkey. Secondary data was used. These data are calculated with the regression rates subject to trend analysis. According to the results obtained; the total capacity of waste water treatment facilities increased 10.88 times during the study period, while the capacity use rate increased 2.67 times to 68.24%. The most wastewater deforestation was 48.91%, followed by the seas by 39.48%, the other environments by 4.17%, the barges by 3.36%, the lakes and lakes by 2.41%, and the land by 1.67%, respectively. 94.16% of the waste water discharge is made from water sources. During the study period (1994-2020) the average annual decharge of waste water was calculated as 164.96 liters per person/day. The average annual water consumption per person for the study period was estimated at 71.13 per cent, while the average conversion of waste into water was estimated at 71.13 per cent. Research results show that the amount of waste water will continue to increase. Consequently, the spread of the reuse of these waste waters by increasing, will reduce the pressure of pollution on water resources and the environment and reduce the use rates in fresh water sources. Increased public support, incentives and subsidies to encourage the recycling of wastewater, and a water pricing that will encourage the use of refined wastewater, will be able to contribute to the solution of the problem that is more effective in terms of quality and polluting content, the control and control of discharges made to the buyer environments.
Water pollution is a global problem and is usually caused by human activities. Although water resources have the ability to renew themselves, the rate of pollution has exceeded the threshold values for regeneration in many countries. Globally, this pressure and pollution rates on all kinds of water resources continue to increase. The proportion of the population served by the municipalities with the sewerage network reached 91% and the proportion of the population served by the wastewater treatment plant reached 78% in Türkiye in 2020. While the population increased by 1/3 between 1994 and 2020, the total amount of discharged wastewater increased by 3.29 times. The aim of this study is to make a general evaluation of the wastewater indicators of the municipalities in Turkey in the last quarter century. Secondary data were used in the study. These data were subjected to trend analysis and regression coefficients were calculated. According to the results obtained, the total capacity of the wastewater treatment plants increased 10.88 times in the researched period, while the capacity utilization rate increased by 2.67 times and reached 68.24%. The place where the most wastewater is discharged was rivers with 48.91%, followed by seas with 39.48%, other environments with 4.17%, dams with 3.36%, lakes and ponds with 2.41% and lands with1.67% respectively. 94.16% of wastewater discharges were made to water resources. The annual average amount of wastewater discharged during the research period (1994-2020) was calculated as 164.96 liters-person/day. The average annual per capita daily water consumption of the researched period to the rate of conversion to waste water was calculated as 71.13%. According to the results of the research, increases in the amount of wastewater will continue. Accordingly, increasing and widespread reuse of these wastewaters will reduce the pollution pressure on water resources and the environment and decrease the usage rates in fresh water resources. Increasing public support, incentives and subsidies to encourage the reuse of wastewater, making a water pricing that will encourage the use of treated wastewater, and subjecting discharges to receiving environments more effectively in terms of quality and pollutant content may contribute to the solution of the problem.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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