Görüntüleme
35
İndirme
2
Ayva (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), genetik çeşitlilik, üretim ve ihracat parametreleri açısından Türkiye için oldukça önemli bir meyve türüdür. Bu çalışma ile yetiştiriciliğinde en önemli sorunlardan biri olan Erwinia amylovora Burrill’in neden olduğu ateş yanıklığı hastalığına karşı tolerant tiplerin, doğal epidemik koşullar altında belirlenmesi ve koruma altına alınması amaçlanmıştır. Hastalığa dayanımın yanı sıra, genel, topoğrafik, pomolojik ve morfololik özellikler ile çeşit ve anaçlık kullanım açısından UPOV özellik belgesinden seçilen 16 özellik incelenmiştir. Doğu Marmara Bölgesi’nde yapılan surveylerde Bursa’dan, yöresel adları Bardak, Limon ve Acı ayva olan 3 genotip, Sakarya’dan ise 1 genotip doğal ateş yanıklığı epidemisi koşullarında iki yıl boyunca gözlemlenerek tolerant olarak seçilmiştir. Bu genotiplerde hastalık oranı % 0-12 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Genotipler ağırlıklı olarak milli-killi bahçelerde yabani ya da yerel tip olarak gelişim göstermiş ve tamamında ağaç taç şekli; yarı dik, yaprak ayası şekli; ovat olarak belirlenmiş ve meyvelerinde boyunluluk görülmüştür. Meyve rengi bakımından genotiplerin dağılımı sarı-yeşil ve sarı olarak belirlenirken, meyve yumurtalık evi (alt çukur) belirginliği, sap çukuru belirginliği, meyve şekli, yaprak ayası uç açısı, taban şekli ve yaprak ayası duruş özelliklerinde ise geniş varyasyon görülmüştür. İncelenen genotiplerde yaprak ayası en, boy ve sap uzunluğu değerleri sırasıyla 5,56-9,10 cm, 5,56-10,86 cm, ve 10,00-20,40 mm sınırlarında farklılık göstermiştir. Ortalama meyve eni ve boyu bakımından değişim aralığı sırasıyla 6,25-9,58 cm ve 8,20-12,00 cm olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama meyve ağırlığının ise 263-510 g aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Meyve özelliklerinden en, boy ve ort. meyve ağırlığı ve yaprak özelliklerinden boy, en ve yaprak sapı uzunluğu açısından QFBNT16-3 nolu genotip ön plana çıkmıştır. Bursa - Keles bölgesinde, yöresel adı “Bardak ayvası” olan bu tip ateş yanıklığına doğal dayanım açısından da tolerant olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Doğu Marmara Bölgesi’nde yayılış gösteren ayva genotiplerinin çoğu özellik bakımından önemli oranda varyasyon gösterdiği ve arazi koşullarında doğal olarak oluşan ateş yanıklığı hastalığına karşı tolerant olarak belirlenen bu genotiplerin, anaç ve çeşit ıslahı açısından genitör olarak kullanılabilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Cydonia oblonga Mill.It is a very important type of fruit for Turkey in terms of genetic diversity, production and export parameters. This study aimed at identifying and preserving tolerant types against the inflammatory disease caused by Erwinia amylovora Burrill, one of the most important problems in cultivation, under natural epidemic conditions. In addition to resistance to the disease, the general, topographic, pomological and morfolic characteristics and varieties and maternal use are studied in 16 characteristics selected from the UPOV characteristics certificate. In the surveys conducted in the Eastern Marmara Region, from Bursa, the local names are Bottak, Limon and Pain Ayva, 3 genotypes, and from Sakarya 1 genotypes were selected as tolerant by observing for two years in the conditions of the natural fire burning epidemic. In these genotypes, the rate of disease varied between 0-12%. Genotypes have mostly evolved as wild or local types in national gardens, and throughout the tree the form of the crown; half straight, the form of the leaf; determined as the oak and the fruit has been seen as a sublime. In terms of fruit color, the distribution of genotypes is determined as yellow-green and yellow, while the characteristics of the fruit ovarian house (sub hole) are widely varied, the characteristics of the sap hole, the form of the fruit, the end angle of the leaf, the base form and the leaf hole position. In the genotypes examined, the leaf trace, the size and the length of the scale values varied in the boundaries of 5.56-9.10 cm, 5.56-10.86 cm, and 10.00-20.40 mm respectively. The average variation range in terms of fruit wheat and length was found at 6.25-9,58 cm and 8.20-12.00 cm respectively. The average weight of the fruit was found to be between 263-510 g. The best of the fruit, the size and the size. From the weight of the fruit and the leaf characteristics, the genotype QFBNT16-3 has come to the forefront in terms of size, length and length of leaf gap. In the region of Bursa - Keles, this type of fire burning, which is the local name "Bardak ash", has also been identified as tolerant in terms of natural resistance. This study has determined that most of the genotypes of Ayva that are spread in the Eastern Marmara region have significantly variations in terms of characteristics and that these genotypes, which are determined as tolerant to the disease of firefighting that is naturally formed in land conditions, have the potential to be used as genitors in terms of maternity and variety.
Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a very important fruit species in terms of genetic diversity, production and export parameters for Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine and protect tolerant types to fire blight disease that caused Erwinia amylovora Burrill, which is one of the most important bacterial disease in cultivation, under natural epidemic conditions. In addition to the disease resistance, general, topographic, pomological, morphololic characteristics and 16 characteristics from UPOV, which were selected in terms of usage as variety or rootstock, were examined. Surveys conducted in the Eastern Marmara Region, 3 genotypes, that named locally Bardak, Limon and Acı quince, from Bursa and 1 genotype from Sakarya were selected as tolerant to fire blight under natural epidemic conditions with two years observations. The disease rate in these genotypes varied between 0-12%. The genotypes have grown predominantly wild or local types in national gardens and all have tree crown shape; semi-upright, leaf blade shape; ovate and fruits have neck. While the distribution of genotypes in terms of fruit color was determined as yellow-green and yellow. Fruit: size of eye basin, stalk cavity fruit shape, leaf blade: angle at apex, shape of base, attitude characteristics showed wide variation. Leaf width, height and petiole length values of the genotypes differed between 5.56-9.10 cm, 5.56-10.86 cm and 10.00-20.40 mm, respectively. The average fruit width and length was found to be 6.25-9.58 cm and 8.20-12.00 cm. Average fruit weight was found to be in the range of 263-510 g. QFBNT16-3 genotype has come to the forefront in terms of fruit characteristics; width, height and average fruit weight and leaf characteristics; width and petiole length. In addition this genoype that selected from Bursa - Keles region, which has the local name “Bardak quince”, resistant to natural fire blight epidemy. In this study, it was determined that most of the quince genotypes distributed in the Eastern Marmara Region showed significant variation in their characteristics and these genotypes, which were determined to be tolerant to naturally occurring fire blight in the field conditions, had the potential to be used as genitors for rootstock and cultivar breeding.
Alan : Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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