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Türk Borçlar Kanunu'nun 182’nci maddesinin 3’üncü fıkrasına göre hâkim, aşırı ceza koşulunu resen indirir. Bununla birlikte Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 22’nci maddesine göre tacirin ceza koşulunun tenkisini talep etmesi mümkün değildir. Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 22’nci maddesinin uygulama alanı bulabilmesi için borçlunun tacir sıfatına sahip olması ve borcun tacirin ticari işletmesi ile ilgili olması gerekir. Türk Ticaret Kanunu hükümlerine göre tacir sıfatının tespiti tartışmalı bir konu değildir. Bu noktada esas mesele, limited şirket pay devir sözleşmesinin, tarafların ticarî işletmesi ile ilgili olup olmadığıdır. Bu çalışmada, limited şirket pay devir sözleşmesinin tacirin ticarî iş sahası ile ilgili olup olmadığı gerçek kişi tacirler, tüzel kişi tacirler ve hâkim teşebbüs açısından ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmektedir.
According to the Turkish Code of Obligations Art. 182/3, Judge reduce excess-sive penal clause ex officio. However, in the Turkish Code of Commerce Art. It is forbidden for the merchant to request a reduction. In order to carry out art. 22 of TCC, the debtor must have the title of merchant and the debt must be related to the merchant's commercial enterprise. According to the provision of the Turkish Commercial Code, determining the title of the merchant is not a controversial issue. At this point, whether the limited company share transfer contract is related to the commercial enterprise of the parties is the main issue. In this study, whether the limited company share transfer contract is related to merchant's commercial enterprise or not is evaluated separately in terms of real-person merchants, legal-person merchants and controlling enterprise.
According to the Turkish Code of Obligations Art. 182/3, Judge reduce exces-sive penal clause ex officio. However, in the Turkish Code of Commerce Art. 22, it is forbidden for the merchant to request a reduction. In order to carry out Art. 22 of TCC, the debtor must have the title of merchant and the debt must be related to the merchant's commercial enterprise. According to the provision of the Turkish Commercial Code, determining the title of merchant is not a controversial issue. At this point, whether the limited company share transfer contract is related to the commercial enterprise of the parties is the main issue. In this study, whether the limited company share transfer contract is related to merchant’s commercial enterprise or not is evaluated separately in terms of real person merchants, legal person merchants and controlling enterprise.
Field : Hukuk
Journal Type : Ulusal
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