Özet:

Transhumanism refers to the process of improving the quality and length of human life through biotechnological interventions, including but not limited to nanotechnology, cybernetics, pharmacological and gene therapies. Believing that after the Enlightenment period in the West, the happiness and peace of all humanity can be achieved with technological and scientific developments, the modern man assumed that he could dominate the universe with his achievements, subjugate it, and shape it according to his needs and desires. The predominance of science and reason instead of revelation and religious authority by the West has caused it to continue its way with renaissance, reform, and positivism, and these developments have led to humanism, modernism, and now transhumanism as an ideology and movement. Transhumanism is a movement or religion that is constantly updated with scientific and technological developments and it promises people something more ideal than life on earth and tries to reveal that tradition and religions are a deception in every chance it gets. Transhumanism summarizes the power and potential of modern science and technology with the seductive promise of immortality or radical life extension achieved by human efforts rather than a transcendent divine being. However, the belief that human beings can transcend themselves causes technology to transform human beings and seize their will, and the emergence of a mechanical and soulless human and a technical universe. Thus, the goal of making the world more livable by using science causes humans to become slaves of science. According to Islam, man and the universe have been created perfectly, and the quality of creation belongs to Allah. Transhumanism, which tends to transform the human and the world and distort nature, seeks to transform believers into post-human beings by using existing and developing technologies, to prolong human life and to discover immortality because it sees humans as flawed beings. The subject of transhumanism, which has not yet been on the agenda in the Islamic world, poses great dangers to belief in destiny, especially to the fact that Allah is omnipotent and creative. In this study, a brief history of transhumanism is given. The questions of its promises and goals, immortality, eugenics, and permanent modifications on the body, which we consider as to change what is created by God, are answered with the principles of the Qur'an and sunnah. Just as there is no thought of immortality in Islam, the mere idea of it also conflicts with belief in the hereafter. As for the improvement (eugenics) of the human generation, the existence of the good generation in Islam is not achieved by interfering with genes or DNA. The good generation is expected to be realized by the selection of religious spouses and taking refuge in Allah from Satan in every aspect of their lives. Transhumanism, on the other hand, seeks to construct a more intelligent, superior, and biologically stronger body with modifications on the human. In the research, it’s been showed that these goals are not new and that in the 119th verse of the chapter of Nisa, Allah explains the struggle of the devil against man, “I will mislead them, and I will create in them false desires; I will order them to slit the ears of cattle, and to deface the (fair) nature created by Allah.” Especially the permanent changes made on the human body were explained by the opinions of the tafsir scholars. This issue, which has an interdisciplinary feature, has been tried to be evaluated in the context of the Quran, hadith, and interpretation.

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