Abstract:

Using high quality genomic tools and bioinformatics techniques has increased after the Human Genome Project (HGP) is completed. As a result of this great step taken to carry out comprehensive analyzes of biological systems, the word –omik was added to the end of the already known sciences names and new techniques with a holistic approach began to be used. These techniques called "omik" includes determination and definition of whether of molecules in a particular biological sample is derived from cells, tissue samples, an organ, or an entire organism. The main purpose of omic studies that have been increasing in recent years is to identify genes (genomics), messenger RNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) in a sample. Apart from these technologies, nutri-genomic also known as nutritional - omic techniques, nutri-transcriptomic, nutri-proteomic, nutri-metabolomic subunits are the methods that aim to reveal the relationship between genes and diet more clearly and studies are progressing rapidly. In particular, nutrigenomic research includes high throughput analysis using all sub-sciences of system biology to optimize health through personalization of the diet, clarify the complex relationship between nutrients and genetic polymorphisms. In this review, both understanding the molecular mechanism of the interaction between the human body and nutrition at all regulation levels (genes, gene expression, proteins, metabolites) in addition to the superiority of nutri - omic techniques over traditional approaches and intending the ability of human health to be optimized by food intervention, evaluation of prevention and treatment potential of diseases with nutrition is aimed.

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