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19.yy’dan beri Zonguldak kömür havzasında hüküm süren azınlık-yabancı hegemonyası Kurtuluş Savaşı’yla darbe alsa da cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında hâlâ kırılamamıştı. Genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti bir taraftan havzada etkin olmaya çalışırken diğer taraftan kömür üretimini artırmayı amaçlıyordu. Çalışanların koşullarının iyileştirilmesi, teknik yetersizliklerin giderilmesi, demiryolu hattına başlanması ve yerli sermayenin devlet teşvikiyle kömür işletmeciliğine sokulması 1920’ler boyunca atılan önemli adımlar oldu. Havza 1930’ların ilk yarısında önemli gelişmelere gebeydi. Dünya ekonomik bunalımının da etkisiyle devletçilik politikasına yönelen Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Zonguldak’ta kömür işletmeciliğini doğrudan ele almak üzereydi. Bu süreçte Zonguldak üst düzey devlet adamları tarafından ziyaret ediliyor, kömür havzasının millileştirilmesi için hazırlıklar yapılıyordu. 1930’lar aynı zamanda Zonguldak’ta kentleşmenin hızlandığı, sosyal yaşamın da dönüşüme uğradığı yıllar olmuştur. İstihdam imkânlarına bağlı olarak nüfus artmış, bayındırlık ve altyapı hizmetleri önem kazanmış, azınlık-yabancı etkisi azalmış, cumhuriyetin getirdiği değişim kentin dokusuna yayılmaya başlamıştır. Zonguldak hem ülke ekonomisi açısından hem de yerel bazda önemli dönüşümlere sahne olduğu 1930’lu yıllarda ulusal çaplı gazetelere sık sık konu olmuştur. Bazı gazeteciler devlet adamlarının ziyaretleri vesilesiyle ya da ekonomik değeri açısından kenti ele almış, kentin varlık sebebi olan kömüre odaklanmışlardır. Bazı gazeteciler ise gezi rotalarının bir durağı olarak kenti ziyaret etmişler, sadece yöneticilerle değil halkla da temas kurmuşlardır. Kömür konusunun yanı sıra toplumsal hayatı, belediyeciliği, kent yaşamını, kamu hizmetlerini de mercek altına alan bu gazeteciler Zonguldak’a dair önemli detayları okuyucularıyla paylaşmışlardır.
Since the 19th century, the ruling minority-foreign hegemony in the Zonguldak coal pool was hit by the Liberation War, but in the early years of the republic it was not yet broken. The youth of the Republic of Turkey, on the one hand, sought to be active in the pool while on the other hand, it sought to increase its coal production. The improvement of workers’ conditions, the removal of technical failures, the launch of the railway line and the introduction of domestic capital into the coal business with the state incentive were important steps taken throughout the 1920s. Havza had significant developments in the first half of the 1930s. The Republic of Turkey, which was directed to the state politics with the influence of the world economic disaster, was about to deal directly with the coal operations in Zonguldak. During this process, Zonguldak was visited by senior government men, preparations were made for the nationalization of the coal pool. The 1930s were the years in which urbanization was accelerated in Zonguldak, and social life was transformed. Depending on employment opportunities, the population has increased, the importance of subsidiarity and infrastructure services has gained, the minority-foreign influence has decreased, the change that the republic has brought has begun to spread into the city’s tissue. In the 1930s, Zonguldak was often the subject of national newspapers, where both the country's economy and the local base were the scene of significant transformations. Some journalists, on the occasion of the visits of government officials or in terms of economic value, addressed the city, focused on the cave, which is the cause of the city’s existence. Some journalists have visited the city as a stop for their routes, and they have been in contact with not only the governors, but also the public. In addition to the issue of coal, these journalists, who focus on social life, municipality, city life, and public services, have shared the important details of Zonguldak with their readers.
Although the minority-foreign hegemony since the 19th century, which dominated the Zonguldak coal basin, took a blow with the War of Independence, it still could not be broken in the first years of the republic. The young republic of Turkey both aimed to be active in the basin and tried to increase coal production. Improving the working conditions of the employees, eliminating the technical inadequacies, starting the railway line instructon and introducing the domestic capital into the coal industry by the state incentives were among the important steps taken during the 1920s. The basin was open to significant developments in the first half of the 1930s. With the effects of world economic crisis, Turkish Republic that turned toward statism policy was about to take the management of the coal mining in Zonguldak. In this process, Zonguldak was visited by high level government officials while preparations were made for the nationalization of the coal basin. The 1930s were also the years in which urbanization accelerated and social life transformed in Zonguldak. As a result of the employment opportunities, the population increased, public works and infrastructure services gained importance, the minority-foreign effect decreased; and the changes brought by the republic began to spread throughout the city. Zonguldak was the subject of national newspapers in the 1930s as the national economy and regional structures underwent significant transformations. Some journalists analyzed the city from the perspective of the official visits or the region’s economic value, and thus focused on coal which was the raison d'être of the city. Some journalists visited the city as a destionation of their route, and contacted not only with the managers but also with the public. Those journalists who reviewed the social life, municipalism, urban life and public services beside the coal share important details with the readers.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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