Özet:

The practice of sports by adolescents has increased over the last few years, including in this direction, a growing process of professionalization of sports has been observed. The systematic and rigorous training process required in high performance sports, according to some studies, promotes changes in left ventricular morphology in adolescent athletes. The objective was to review the literature on the influence of sports training on the adaptation of the left ventricle of young athletes. This work was designed as a narrative review, and electronic databases of virtual libraries (Pubmed and Scielo) were consulted.  Of the 230 articles found, 14 were included in this review. The result of the analysis of the articles showed that training promotes changes on the left ventricle, in which are observed increased cavity dimensions, total left ventricular mass and mass indexed by the body surface, besides the greater relative wall thickness in athletes, especially in males and in blacks when compared to women and white athletes and to the sedentary group, without significant difference in ejection fraction between the various groups studied. We conclude that regular and intensive physical training is associated with several structural adaptations that result in left ventricular hypertrophy in young athletes. The magnitude of these adaptations is determined by several factors including age, sex, body size, ethnicity, and type and intensity of exercise performed. However, most of the studies found have a cross-sectional design, thus suggesting new studies with a longitudinal approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler: